- Standard state refers to

a) 1 atm and 25°C

b) 1 atm and 100°C

c) 1 atm and gaseous reactants

d) None of these

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: The standard state refers to 1 atm and [tex]25^{o}C[/tex].

Explanation:

It is known that a chemical/substance can either be present in a solid, liquid or gaseous state.

So, when the phase of a substance like solid, liquid or gas is present at 1 atmosphere pressure and at a temperature of [tex]25^{o}C[/tex] then it known as standard state of substance.

Thus, we can conclude that standard state refers to 1 atm and [tex]25^{o}C[/tex].


Related Questions

According to the following reaction, how many grams of
hydrobromic acid are needed to form 24.7 grams of bromine?

hydrobromic acid (aq) —>hydrogen (g) + bromine (1)

…grams hydrobromic acid

Answers

Answer:

25.1 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced decomposition reaction

2 HBr(aq) ⇒ H₂(g) + Br₂(l)

Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 24.7 g of Br₂

The molar mass of Br₂ is 159.81 g/mol.

24.7 g × 1 mol/159.81 g = 0.155 mol

Step 3: Calculate the moles of HBr needed to produce 0.155 moles of Br₂

The molar ratio of HBr to Br₂ is 2:1. The moles of HBr needed are 2/1 × 0.155 mol = 0.310 mol.

Step 4: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.310 moles of HBr

The molar mass of HBr is 80.91 g/mol.

0.310 mol × 80.91 g/mol = 25.1 g

A simplified model of an electromagnet is shown here, where a loop of wire is placed around an iron nail. The wire is
connected to a battery. A student wants to test the strength of the electromagnet by measuring how many paperclips
the electromagnet can pick up. In order to increase the strength of the electromagnet, some modifications to the
apparatus can be made. Which questions are most relevant to increasing the strength of the electromagnet? Select
ALL that apply.
A)
Will wetting the nail increase the number of paperclips that can
be picked up?
B)
Does insulating the nail increase the number of paperclips that
can be picked up?
C)
Does increasing the current in the battery increase the number of
paperclips that can be picked up?
D)
Will increasing the number of loops of wire around the nail
increase the number of paperclips that can be picked up?
E)
Will positioning the loops of wire closer together on the nail
increase the number of paperclips that can be picked up?
Forces in Nature

Answers

Answer:

CDE

Explanation:

If your on USA test perp

The questions are most relevant to increasing the strength of the electromagnet are Does increase the current in .....?, Will increasing the number of loops of wire around the.....? and Will positioning the loops of….? Therefore, option C, D and E are correct.

What are the properties of electromagnet ?

The characteristics known as electromagnetic properties determine how quickly a substance will absorb or emit electromagnetic radiations.

We may be familiar with electromagnetic radiations such as radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and visible light rays.

Transverse waves characterize electromagnetic radiation.They move across fluctuating magnetic and electric fields so that they are perpendicular to the wave's path of propagation and at right angles to one other.

Thus, option C, D and E are correct.

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How many hydrogen atoms can be bonded to one carbon atom?
O A. 3
O B. 1
O C. 2.
O D. 4

Answers

Answer:

O D. 4

Explanation:

A carbon atom is an element that can be found in the atomic number 6th of the periodic table. It electronic configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p². It is a tetravalent and non metallic compound. In its outermost structure, Carbon needs four additional valence electrons to complete its octet structure. That is why hydrogen with only one electron can be bonded to one carbon atom in four different places making the carbon element obtain a tetrahedral shape.

If only 0.186 g of Ca(OH)2 dissolves in enough water to give 0.230 L of aqueous solution at a given temperature, what is the Ksp value for calcium hydroxide at this temperature?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]Ksp=5.20x10^{-6}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the solubility equilibrium of calcium hydroxide:

[tex]Ca(OH)_2\rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}+2OH^-[/tex]

Whereas the equilibrium expression is:

[tex]Ksp=[Ca^{2+}][OH^-]^2[/tex]

It is firstly necessary to calculate the molar solubility given the grams and volume of the dissolved solute:

[tex]s=\frac{0.186g/(74.09g/mol)}{0.230L}=0.0109M[/tex]

Now, according to the Ksp expression, we plug in s as the solubility to obtain:

[tex]Ksp=(s)(2s)^2\\\\Ksp=(0.109)(2*0.0109)^2\\\\Ksp=5.20x10^{-6}[/tex]

Regards!

The Ksp value will be "5.20×10⁻⁶".

According to the solution equilibrium,

[tex]Ca(OH)_2 \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}+2OH^-[/tex]

Now,

The molar solubility will be:

→ [tex]s = \frac{\frac{0.186}{74.09} }{0.230}[/tex]

     [tex]= 0.0109 \ M[/tex]

hence,

The Ksp value will be:

→ [tex]Ksp = (s)(2s)^2[/tex]

By substituting the values,

          [tex]= (0.109)(2\times 0.0109)^2[/tex]

          [tex]= 5.20\times 10^{-6}[/tex]

Thus the above approach is right.

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Using the Lewis dot structures of magnesium and oxygen, predict the ionic formula

Answers

Answer:

(edit: nvm I figured it out, here is the answer)

Explanation:

Ions exists bound together in ionic formulae by electrostatic attraction then the ionic formula exists MgO.

What is meant by Lewis dot structures?

The diagrams known as Lewis structures, also referred to as Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures, depict the interactions between the atoms in a molecule as well as any lone pairs of electrons that may be present.

A chemical compound comprehended as an ionic compound in chemistry exists one that contains ions bound together by the electrostatic forces named as ionic bonding. The molecule exists often neutral despite containing both positively and negatively charged ions, or cations and anions. Ions exists bound together in ionic formulae by electrostatic attraction.

Magnesium and oxygen:

Cation [tex]$=\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$[/tex]

Anion [tex]$=\mathrm{O}^{2-}$[/tex]

Net charge = + 2 - 2 = 0

Formula = MgO

Therefore, the ionic formula exists MgO.

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PLEASE HELP, DUE AT 12:00

Answers

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B are the answers

An electric kettle uses electrical energy to boil water. Energy from the electricity is transferred to the water, heating it up. An electric ice maker also uses electrical energy, but it freezes water to form ice. Since energy can’t be created or destroyed, and water loses potential energy when it freezes to form ice, what happens to the energy put into the ice maker and the energy released by the water?

Answers

Answer:

Since energy can’t be created or destroyed, and water loses potential energy when it freezes to form ice. The energy remains electrical but then changes to kinetic when Enough energy is released.

Explanation:

The excess electrical energy gained by water during ice forming process is removed as potential energy to maintain law of conservation of energy.

According to the principle of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can transformed from one form to energy.

The electrical energy used by the ice maker to freeze water works on the same principle of conservation of energy.

The electrical energy absorbed the water is used to lower the temperature of the water in order to form ice by removing heat from the water in form of potential energy. This happens to maintain the principle of conservation of energy.

Thus, the excess electrical energy gained by water during ice forming process is removed as potential energy to maintain law of conservation of energy.

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At what pressure would a 5.32 mol Cl2 sample occupy 5.08 L at 181.59 K? please help!!

Answers

Answer: At a pressure of 15.613 atm a 5.32 mol [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] sample occupy 5.08 L at 181.59 K.

Explanation:

Given: Moles = 5.32 mol

Volume = 5.08 L

Temperature = 181.59 K

Formula used to calculate the pressure is as follows.

PV = nRT

where,

P = pressure

V = volume

n = no. of moles

R = gas constant = 0.0821 L atm/mol K

T = temperature

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

[tex]PV = nRT\\P \times 5.08 L = 5.32 mol \times 0.0821 L atm/mol K \times 181.59 K\\P = \frac{5.32 mol \times 0.0821 L atm/mol K \times 181.59 K}{5.08 L}\\= 15.613 atm[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that at a pressure of 15.613 atm a 5.32 mol [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] sample occupy 5.08 L at 181.59 K.

HELP PLEASE Excluding the noble gas group, how does the number of valence electrons in an element influence it chemical reactivity?

Answers

well... the further an element is away from having a full valence shell, the more reactive they are, but all elements are reactive barring noble gases

Answer: A. Elements with intermediate numbers of valence electrons are the least reactive.

Explanation: I Quizzed

what is a major crack in the earth's surface?

Answers

Answer:

A crack in earth's crust is called a fault also known as a "fracture"

A crack in the earth's crust is called a fault.
Faults are also referred to as fractures.

1. How many grams of sodium carbonate must be weighed out in order to make 2.5 kg of a 35.0%
(w/w) solution?

Answers

Answer:

... x M x V. • Example: Prepare 800 mL of 2 M sodium chloride. ... solutions are indicated by w/v% and are defined as the grams of solute per ...

15 pages·906 KB

to find the mass in g of 3 moles Al .

Answers

Answer:

81 gm

Explanation:

The mass of 1 mole is 27 gSo, Mass of 3 moles of Aluminium would be 3 × 27 = 81 gm

Thus mass of 3 Moles of Aluminium is 81 gm.

what is chemical name of ghee​

Answers

Answer. Chemical formula of ghee: (C17H33 Coo)3 C3H5 • Chemical Reaction: (C17H31Coo)3 C3H5 + 3H2 (C17H33 Coo)3 C3H5

Scientist use models of the solar system to

1 avoid the use of incorrect data

2 prevent duplication of their ideals

3 help explain their ideas

4 make theories non-testable

Answers

i believe it is 3, help explain their ideas.

What is the volume of nitrogen dioxide (in L) is produced from the complete reaction of 16.87g of lead (II) nitrate at STP?

Answers

Given the reaction N2 + 3H2 -->2NH3, what volume of hydrogen is necessary to react with five liters of nitrogen to produce ammonia, assuming constant temperature and pressure? How would you calculate the mass in grams of hydrogen chloride produced when 4.9 L of molecular hydrogen at STP reacts with an excess of chlorine gas.?

make a chemical reaction with molecules

Answers

We can’t do that you have to sorry:(

Which image represents ether? Check all that apply.

Answers

Answer:

A) and D)

Explanation:

I just completed this assignment and these are the correct options!

In the given image, the compounds that represents ether are option 1 and 4, respectively.

Ether is a class of organic compounds that contain an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The general formula for ethers is [tex]\rm R-O-R'[/tex], where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups.

Compound 1 is 1-methoxypentane is an ether with the molecular formula [tex]\rm C_6H_{14}O[/tex]. It consists of a pentane chain (a straight chain of five carbon atoms) with a methoxy [tex]\rm (-OCH_3)[/tex]  group attached to the first carbon atom. Compound 4 is methoxyethane. It is an ether with the chemical formula [tex]\rm C_3H_8O[/tex]. The structure of methoxyethane consists of a ethane chain (a straight chain of two carbon atoms) with a methoxy [tex]\rm (-OCH_3)[/tex] group attached to the first carbon atom.

Therefore, compound 1 and compound 4 represents ether. The correct answer is option 1 and 4, respectively.

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Identify the type fo reaction below: ____ N2+__H2→ __NH3 synthesis or double replacement

Answers

Answer:

Synthesis or combination.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given chart containing the types of reactions, it turns out possible for us infer this given reaction:

____ N2+__H2→ __NH3

Is synthesis or combination, because it follows the pattern A + B --> C. Moreover, it can be balanced as shown below:

N2+3H2→ 2NH3

Regards!

Which part of the graph represents how much energy the reactants need to gain to become products?

Answers

Answer: The answer is F

The answer is F , F shows the amount of energy the reactants need to gain to become products .

What are Potential Energy Diagrams ?

A potential energy diagram shows the change in potential energy of a system as reactants are converted into products.

From the figure attached we can understand the Eₐ is the activation energy reactants need to get converted into products.

Now when we study the figure( potential energy Diagram) given in the question ,

The reactants are energy level shown by G

The total energy required to get converted into products is denoted by H while ,

H - G is the actual energy required which is denoted by F.

Therefore F shows the amount of energy the reactants need to gain to become products .

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what type of sugar has the largest surface area

a) powered/icing
b) raw
c) cubed
d) granulated

Answers

Answer:

d.) granulated

Because the granulated sugar has a greater surface area.

Help plz:)))I’ll mark u Brainliest

Answers

Answer:

82gS

Explanation:

2 Fe  + 3 S  →  Fe2S3

          ↓      ↑  

       mol → mol

        Fe         S

[tex]\frac{95 g Fe }{} \frac{1 mol Fe }{55.85 g Fe } \frac{3 mol S }{2 mol Fe } \frac{32.07 g S}{1 mol S} = 82 g S[/tex]

Calculate the value of ΔG° at 25°C for the formation of POCl3 from its constituent elements,

P2 (g) + O2 (g) + 3Cl2 (g) --> 2POCl3 (g)

A. -606.2 kJ/molrxn

B. +1108.7 kJ/molrxn

C. -1108.7 kJ/molrxn

D. +606.2 kJ/molrxn

Answers

The correct answer is

C. -1108.7 kJ/mol rxn

From the table values, the standard Gibbs free energy change for the formation of POCl₃ is -1108.7 kJ/mol

What is Gibbs free energy ?

We can calculate ΔG° for the reaction using the following formula:

ΔG° = ΣnΔG°f(products) - ΣnΔG°f(reactants)

where ΔG°f is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation for each compound and n is the stoichiometric coefficient of each compound in the balanced chemical equation.

We can look up the values of ΔG°f for each compound in tables of thermodynamic data. At standard conditions (25°C and 1 atm pressure), the values are:

ΔG°f (POCl₃) = -558.9 kJ/mol

ΔG°f (P₂) = 0 kJ/mol

ΔG°f (O₂) = 0 kJ/mol

ΔG°f (Cl₂) = 0 kJ/mol

Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

ΔG° = (2 mol)(-558.9 kJ/mol) - (1 mol)(0 kJ/mol) - (1 mol)(0 kJ/mol) - (3 mol)(0 kJ/mol)

ΔG° = -1117.8 kJ/mol

Therefore, the correct option  is C. -1108.7 kJ/molrxn. Note that this answer differs slightly from the calculated value because the given choices are rounded to one decimal place.

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240 g of water (specific heat = 4.186 J/g°C, initial temperature = 20°C) is mixed with an
unknown mass of iron (specific heat = 0.444 J/gºC, initial temperature 500°C). When
equilibrium is reached, the system has a temperature of 42°С. Find the mass of iron.

Answers

The answer for this would be 69.6

240 g of water (specific heat = 4.186 J/g°C, initial temperature = 20°C) is mixed with an unknown mass of iron (specific heat = 0.444 J/gºC, initial temperature 500°C). When equilibrium is reached,The answer for this would be 69.6

 

How do you find final temperature with specific heat?

You use q = mcΔT, but you assume aluminum = water and crack for This the final temperature.

We need to look up heat values (c) for aluminum and h20. This will uses 0.901 for aluminum and 4.18 use water

: (10)(130 - T)(0.901) = (200.0)(T - 25 (6)

Hence, The answer for this would be 69.6.  

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How to solve for K when given your anode and cathode equations and voltage

Answers

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

In thermodynamics theory the Free Energy (ΔG) of a chemical system is described by the expression ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnQ. When chemical system is at equilibrium ΔG = 0. Substituting into the system expression gives ...

0 = ΔG° + RTlnKc, which rearranges to ΔG° = - RTlnKc.  ΔG° in electrochemical terms gives ΔG° = - nFE°, where n = charge transfer, F = Faraday Constant = 96,500 amp·sec and E° = Standard Reduction Potential of the electrochemical system of interest.

Substituting into the ΔG° expression above gives

-nFE°(cell) = -RTlnKc => E°(cell) = (-RT/-nF)lnKc = (2.303·R·T/n·F)logKc

=> E°(cell) = (0.0592/n)logKc = E°(Reduction) - E°(Oxidation)

Application example:

Calculate the Kc value for a Zinc/Copper electrochemical cell.

Zn° => Zn⁺² + 2e⁻  ;    E°(Zn) = -0.76 volt  

Cu° => Cu⁺² + 2e⁻ ;    E°(Cu) =  0.34 volt

By natural process, charge transfer occurs from the more negative reduction potential to the more positive reduction potential.

That is,

           Zn° => Zn⁺² + 2e⁻ (Oxidation Rxn)

Cu⁺² + 2e⁻ => Cu°             (Reduction Rxn)

E°(Zn/Cu) = (0.0592/n)logKc

= (0.0592/2)logKc = E°(Cu) - E°(Zn) = 0.34v - (-0.76v) = 1.10v

=> logKc = 2(1.10)/0.0592 = 37.2

=> Kc = 10³⁷°² = 1.45 x 10³⁷

Which of the following compounds is most likely ionic?
Please help

Answers

Answer:

LiCl.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, since it is known that the ionic compounds are specially formed between metals and nonmetals, it is possible for us to discard CO and PCl5 as they have both nonmetals.

On the other hand, since the bonds between nonmetals and transition metals like iron and copper may not be completely ionic due to the electronegativity trend, we infer that the most likely ionic compound is LiCl because of the large electronegativity difference.

Regards!

a warm air is rising as cooler air es in to take its place. what is the name for that?​

Answers

Answer:

convection

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

a transverse wave moves a medium at an abtuse angle to the wave , true or false ?​

Answers

Answer:

True! A transverse wave does move a medium at an obtuse angle to the wave!!

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Calculate the number of molecules in 14.3 mol H2O.

Answers

Answer:

I don't get it

Explanation:

please explain more about question

pls help Which statement is true about the environment of urban areas?

Urban areas have higher temperatures.
Urban areas have few problems with soil erosion.
Urban areas have more rain infiltration into the soil.
Urban areas have less habitat fragmentation.

Answers

The statement that is correct about Urban areas is that they have higher temperatures.

Urban Area is a term to refer to cities. Urban areas are characterized by having a developed infrastructure (wide roads, vehicular bridges, wide platforms, tall buildings, residential areas, industrial areas, among others).

Recent studies affirm that urban areas are warmer than surrounding areas; This phenomenon is because the materials with are built buildings, roads, houses, and others, concentrate the sun's rays, increasing the temperature of cities. In addition, the lack of trees deepens this phenomenon, because the trees contribute to cooling by physicochemical processes such as evapotranspiration.

According to the above, it is possible to affirm that urban areas are hotter than their surrounding area because they lack vegetation, and the materials with which it is built contribute to the increase in temperature.

On the other hand, urban areas are characterized by habitat fragmentation, more problems with soil erosion, and less rain infiltration into the soil.

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Answer:

A) higher temps

Explanation:

Which of these equations represent reactions that could be used in constructing an electrochemical c
Check all that apply
CH. +202 C02 +2H,0
Cr + Cu? → Cr?++ Cu
2 Ag*+Fe + 2Ag +Fe2
CI+Ag → AgCI
NH, *H* NH,
RETRY

Answers

Answer:

Cr+Cu2 -> Cr2+Cu

2Ag+Fe->2Ag+Fe2

Explanation: I did the assessment

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