The temperature must be greater than 50.5°C and less than 100°C.
What is temperature ?
Temperature is a physical property that is used to measure the average kinetic energy of particles in a system, such as a gas, liquid, or solid. It is measured in units of degrees on the Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin scales.
Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of particles in the system, and is affected by the number of particles, their mass, and the strength of their interactions.
Which temperature range is typical?
Core temperature is 98.6 F on average (37 C). However, the average body temperature might be anywhere from 97 F (36.1 C) to 99 F (37.2 C) or higher. Depending on the period of year or how busy you are, your body temperature may change. In general, elderly people's temperature are lower than those of younger people.
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Classify each amino acid according to whether its side chain is predominantly protonated or deprotonated at a pH of 7. 40. The p K a values of the Asp, His, and Lys side chains are 3. 65 , 6. 00 , and 10. 53 , respectively
His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
What is amino acids?Organic substances that possess both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups are known as amino acids. Although hundreds of amino acids occur in nature, the alpha-amino acids that constitute proteins are by far the most significant. The genetic coding contains only 22 alpha amino acids. Amino acids are chemicals that make proteins when they combine. The building blocks of life are amino acids and proteins. Amino acids are left over after proteins are digested or broken down. To support the body, the human body utilizes amino acids to build proteins: Food should be broken down.
Here,
As the pH is given as 7.4 and pK of His is given as 6.00. There will occur a positive charge on His when it's pH < pK therefore, it is neutral at the given pH.
As the pK value of Lys is 10.53 that is greater than the pH of 7.40. Therefore, charge on Lys is positive.
As the pK value of Asp is 3.65 which is less than the pH value of 7.40. Hence, Asp has a negative charge.
Therefore, we can conclude that His and Lys are deprotonated but Asp will be protonated.
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A 467. 8 ng sample of unknown radioactive substance was placed in storage and its mass measured periodically after 47 days the amount of radioactive substance had decreased 58. 48 ng how many half-lives of the non-radioactive substance have occurred
The amount of radioactive substance has decreased from 467.8 ng to 58.48 ng after 47 days, so 2.5 half-lives have occurred.
A radioactive isotope's half-life is the amount of time it takes for one half of the radioactive isotope to decay. A specific radioactive isotope's half-life is constant; it is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of that isotope.
Half-life = 47/2.5 = 18.8 days
Decrease in Radioactive Substance = 467.8 - 58.48 = 409.32
Half-life amount = 409.32/2.5 = 163.728
Number of half-lives = 409.32/163.728 = 2.5
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In old western cowboys often would put their ear to a train track to listen for a oncoming train what benefit would this method provide over listening for a train by listening for sound throug air
Answer:the vibrations of the train moving on the tracks goes farther on the tracks than the sound of the train
Explanation:i think
What will be the pH of solution after sodium acetate solution in the middle or the last column reacts with the specified concentration of HCl
The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low.
The pH of a solution after a reaction with a strong acid like HCl will depend on the concentration of the acid and the concentration of the acetate ions (CH3COO-) in the sodium acetate solution. Sodium acetate (CH3COONa) is a weak base, and when it reacts with HCl, it forms acetic acid (CH3COOH) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The equation for this reaction is: CH3COONa + HCl → CH3COOH + NaClThe pH of a solution is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in the solution, so the pH of the solution after the reaction will depend on the concentration of H3O+ ions and the concentration of acetate ions. If the reaction is done in aqueous solution, the acetic acid formed will dissociate to form H3O+ and acetate ions. The acetate ions will neutralize some of the H3O+ ions, thus decreasing the overall acidity of the solution. The pH of the final solution will be less than 7, but closer to 7 if the initial concentration of sodium acetate is high and the concentration of HCl is low. It's important to note that without knowing the initial concentration of sodium acetate and the volume of the solutions it is not possible to determine the final pH.
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Which component is missing from the process of photosynthesis? carbon dioxide water _________ → glucose oxygen sunlight sugar plants carbon
The component missing from the process of photosynthesis is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is an essential component of photosynthesis as it is used by plants to create glucose, which is the primary energy source for plants.
What is Carbon dioxide?Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is produced when carbon-containing compounds are burned. It is one of the most abundant trace gases that make up the Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is important in the Earth’s natural cycle of life as plants use it to produce food through photosynthesis, while animals and humans exhale it as a waste product. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas and helps regulate the Earth’s temperature.
Carbon dioxide is taken in by the leaves of the plant and then combined with water and energy from sunlight to form glucose. Without carbon dioxide, photosynthesis would not be possible.
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Answer: The Correct Answer is A. Sunlight
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen
Explanation: I took the test and got it right.
Have a Great Day.
Liquid hexane CH3CH24CH3 will react with gaseous oxygen O2 to produce gaseous carbon dioxide CO2 and gaseous water H2O. Suppose 7.76 g of hexane is mixed with 34. g of oxygen. Calculate the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
the minimum mass of hexane that could be left over by the chemical reaction is 17.2 grams of.
Hexane, a non-polar solvent having a boiling point of 68 degrees Celsius, is the one used to extract the oil from rice bran to produce rice bran oil (RBO). The International System of Units uses the mole (symbol: mol) as the unit of material quantity. How many elementary entities of a particular substance are present in an object or sample is determined by the quantity of that material.
Hexane moles equal 29/86=0.34
41.3/32 = 1.30 moles of oxygen
One mole of hexane takes 9.5 moles of oxygen, as shown by the reaction.
In this case, oxygen is the limiting reagent.
Consumption of moles of hexane is 1.30/9=0.144
Hexane remaining in moles is equal to 0.20 to 0.34 moles.
Hexane mass remaining = 0.2*86=17.2 grams.
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Classification of Drugs - Trafficking Penalties
Case Scenarios:
Roody Zeeland was captured by Federal Marshals as he attempted to smuggle 39 kg of
cocaine into Dallas in a horse-drawn covered wagon. While attempting to escape, the
Suspect hit and killed an innocent bystander. It was his first offense.
11. If convicted, what penalty will the suspect be sentenced to?
Federal Marshals will receive trafficking penalty for attempting smuggling.
Trafficking is what kind of a crime?Human trafficking, also referred to as trafficking in persons, is a crime that entails forcing or coercing a person to perform work or services or engage in sexual acts for monetary gain. The exertion of pressure may be covert or obvious, physical or psychological.
A conviction for keeping someone in servitude carries potential fines and a maximum 20-year prison sentence in a federal facility. The maximum penalty is life in prison if there is a death as a result of the violation or if it involved kidnapping, sexual assault, or other aggravating circumstances.
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The extended structure of sodium chloride (NaCl) is shown.
Which of the following describes the configuration of Layer 4 of the sodium chloride crystal?
OPTIONS
A
It will be identical in all of its characteristics to Layer 1.
B
It will contain 4 atoms of chlorine and 5 atoms of sodium.
C
It will have chlorine atoms in all four of its corners.
D
It will have sodium that are bonded only to other sodium atoms.
Sodium chloride crystal will contain 4 atoms of chlorine and 5 atoms of sodium. Therefore, option B is correct.
What is sodium chloride?In sodium chloride, each ion is usually surrounded by 6 ions of the opposite charge. The surrounding ions are positioned at the vertices of a regular octahedron.
In the language of close-packing, the larger chloride ions are arranged in a cubic array whereas the smaller sodium ions fill all the cubic gaps between them.
The basic structure is commonly known as the halite or rock-salt crystal structure. It can be represented as a face-centered cubic lattice with a two-atom basis or as two face centered cubic lattices. The one atom is located at lattice point, and the second atom is located halfway between lattice points along edge of the fcc unit cell.
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What process do orcas use oxygen for?
The process orcas uses the oxygen is from the blowholes. the blow holes are situated on the top of of the head and it uses oxygen from their.
The whales and the humans uses the lungs for the respiration or to get oxygen required for the breathing. the orcas uses the oxygen from the blow holes situated at the top of the head. The orcas lives under the water and when the orcas dive in the water they have ability to hold the breath for at the time . but this is not good for the health . it is be very stressful for the body.
Thus, the process do the orcas uses oxygen for the intake is the from the blow holes.
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(05.04 LC)
How many moles of sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH)?
2LIOH + H₂SO4 → Li2SO4 + 2H₂O
O 3.4 mol H₂SO4
O 6.8 mol H₂SO4
O 10.2 mol H₂SO4
O 13.6 mol H₂SO4
3.4 mole of H₂SO₄ are needed to react completely with 6.8 moles of lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Is lithium hydroxide harmful to humans?When breathed in, lithium hydroxide monohydrate can have an impact on you. Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate is a HIGHLY CORROSIVE CHEMICAL, and contact with it can cause serious skin irritation, eye damage, and burning. Lithium Hydroxide Monohydrate inhaled can irritate the throat and nose.
From the stichiometry of the reaction: 2 LiOH + H2SO4 → Li2SO4 + 2H2O
It is evident that 2.0 moles of LiOH reacts with 1.0 mole of H2SO4 to produce 1.0 mole of Li2SO4 and 2.0 moles of H2O.
Using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole of H2SO4 reacts completely with → 2.0 moles of LiOH
x mole of H2SO4 are needed to react completely with → 6.8 moles of LiOH
since number of moles of H2SO4 = ( 1.0 x 6.8 ) / (2.0) = 3.4 mole of H2SO4.
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The reaction of hydrogen (H2) and fluorine (F2) produces hydrofluoric acid (HF). How many grams of HF are produced if 3. 00 g of hydrogen react with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield?
1.50g of hydrofluoric acid is produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen reacts with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.
The balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen (H2) and fluorine (F2) to form hydrofluoric acid (HF) is:
H2 + F2 -> 2HF
To calculate the amount of HF produced, we'll use the concept of theoretical yield and percent yield.
The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be formed based on the amount of reactants used.
Here, we're given that 3.00 g of hydrogen is used, so to find the theoretical yield of HF, we'll use the molar ratio of hydrogen to hydrofluoric acid in the balanced equation.
1 mol of H2 produces 2 mol of HF
So, 3.00 g of H2 produces 2*3.00g = 6.00g of HF
Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%.
It's given that the yield is 25%.
So the actual yield of hydrofluoric acid will be:
Actual yield = (Theoretical yield) x (percent yield/100)
Actual yield = 6.00g x (25/100)
Actual yield = 1.50g
So, 1.50g of hydrofluoric acid is produced if 3.00 g of hydrogen reacts with excess fluorine with a 25 percent yield.
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Help please brainliest, I promise
According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation,2.66 moles of aluminium oxide are formed when 4 moles of oxygen reacts.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.
As 3 moles of oxygen gives 2 moles of aluminium oxide, thus, 4 moles of oxygen will give 4×2/3=2.66 moles.
Thus, 2.66 moles of aluminium oxide are formed when 4 moles of oxygen reacts.
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Where does the linkage between the -COOH group on one end of one molecule and the -NH2 group at the end of another molecule occur
The peptides amino acids form peptide linkages between -COOH and -NH2 groups in protein.
What do you mean by peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds. They are found in all living organisms and play important roles in many biological processes, such as cell signaling, hormone production, and metabolism. Peptides can range in size from two to hundreds of amino acids and can be made up of different combinations of amino acids.
Peptide bonds are formed when the carboxyl group (COOH) of one amino acid reacts with the amino group (NH2) of another amino acid. This creates a peptide bond, which is a covalent bond between the two amino acids. As proteins are made up of many amino acids, this process of forming peptide bonds is what links the amino acids together to form a protein.
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Identify one advantage to each of the following models of electron configuration: Dot structures Arrow and line diagrams Written electron configurations Type in your answer below.
Simple Lewis dot structures make it easy to see how many valence electrons are present in an atom. Valence electrons are shown as dots surrounding the atom that are organized in pairs in Lewis dot formations.
Electron spin direction is displayed using arrow and line diagrams, along with each orbital. The electron configuration of atoms is shown using arrow and line diagrams or orbital diagrams, which use boxes and arrows to indicate the different orbitals and the pairing arrangement of electrons. This model has the benefit of displaying each orbital as well as the electrons' spin polarity.
Written electron configurations are concise and also depict how the electrons are distributed throughout the sublevels. The number of electrons in a specific sublevel is indicated by superscripts in written electron configuration notation. Written electronic configuration has the advantage of being more compact due to the removal of boxes and arrows. It also displays how electrons are distributed among sublevels.
The arrangement of electrons within an atom's orbitals, shells, and subshells is known as electron configuration.
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Answer:
Dot structures make it easy to count electrons and they show the number of electrons in each electron shell.
Arrow and line diagrams show the spin of electrons and show every orbital.
Written configurations require minimal space and show the distribution of electrons between subshells.
Explanation:
correct on edg 2023
If 0.40 mole of H2 and 0.15 mole of O2 were to react as completely as possible to produce H2O, what mass of reactant would remain
The remaining mass of hydrogen that is present in the reaction is 0.20 grams.
The balanced chemical reaction can be depicted as follows:
2H2+O2---->2H2O
1 mole of Oxygen reacts with 2 moles of Hydrogen in order to produce two moles of water i.e., H2O.
0.15 moles of O2 reacts with 2 * 0.15 = 0.30 moles of H2
The moles of H2 are given i.e., 0.40 moles.
So remaining = 0.40 moles - 0.30 moles = 0.10 moles
Thus, the mass of H2 can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles with the molar mass that is expressed as follows:
Mass = moles * molar mass
Molar mass of H2= 2 g/mol
Mass of H2 remained in the reaction = 0.10 moles * 2 g/mole = 0.20 grams.
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Please help, would be greatly appreciated!
According to the stoichiometry of the given chemical equation 102.03 g of Al₂O₃ is formed from 54 g of aluminium.
What is stoichiometry?It is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample. As per stoichiometry of the given chemical equation, 107.92 g aluminium gives 203.92 g Al₂O₃, thus 54 g aluminium will give 54×203.92/107.92=102.03 g.
Thus, 102.03 g of Al₂O₃ is formed from 54 g of aluminium.
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Draw the structure of maleic acid ((Z)-but-2-enedioic acid).
The structure of maleic acid is H2C=CH2 with a double bond between two hydrogen atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms in the three carbon chain.
H3C-C=C-COOH
\ /
H2C=CH2
1. Draw a three carbon chain with a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms
H3C-C=C-COOH
2. Add two hydrogen atoms to the second carbon atom
H3C-C=CH2-COOH
3. Draw a double bond between the two hydrogen atoms
H2C=CH2-COOH
H2C=CH2
\ /
H3C-C=C-COOH
The structure of maleic acid is H2C=CH2 with a double bond between two hydrogen atoms and a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms in the three carbon chain.
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At 298 K and 1 atm, bromine is a liquid with a high vapor pressure, whereas chlorine is a gas. This provides evidence that, under these conditions, the
At 298 K and 1 atm, bromine is a liquid with high vapor pressure, while chlorine is a gas. This proves that the intermolecular forces of bromine are greater than those of chlorine under these conditions.
At a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1 atm, bromine is in a liquid state due to the strong attraction between Br-Br molecules.
At the same temperature and pressure, chlorine exists in the gaseous state due to covalent bonds, while bromine has non-polar covalent bonds.
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Balance the following double displacement reaction and determine the coefficients of all of the reactants and products.
___ BaCl2 +___ Na2CO3 --> ___ BaCO3 + ___ NaCl
This double displacement reaction and the coefficients of all the reactants and products in this balanced chemical reaction is Bacl₂ + Na₂CO₃ = BaCO₃ + 2Nacl.
What is a double displacement reaction?A double displacement reaction is a particular type of reaction in which two reactants swap ions to produce two new molecules. Water-soluble ionic compounds interact with one another in a number of double displacement processes.
What is the meaning of coefficients?Coefficients are the numbers or expressions put in front of a chemical symbol or formula to balance chemical equations. It provides information on the number of atoms or molecules of the drug or chemical that are a part of the reaction.
What is a chemical reaction?When two or more compounds come into touch with one another and create a new substance, the process is known as a chemical reaction (s). Reactants or reagents are the name(s) for the substance(s) or substances that are initially incorporated into the chemical process. Chemical reactions typically involve a chemical change and produce one or more products, which typically differ from the reactants in some ways.
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Prior to making your first extrication cut, you must first stabilize the vehicle. What tool will you use
Cribbing is the tool we use prior to making your first extrication cut in the vehicle
Before making the first extrication cut, it is important to stabilize the vehicle to prevent it from moving and to ensure the safety of the individuals involved in the extrication process. One tool that is commonly used to stabilize a vehicle during extrication is a set of stabilizing struts, also known as cribbing. Cribbing is a set of wooden or composite blocks that are placed under the vehicle to support it and prevent it from moving. The cribbing is typically placed at strategic points, such as the frame of the vehicle or the wheels, to provide a stable base for the vehicle.Additionally, other tools like wheel chocks, jacks, and air bags may be used to provide additional support and stability. The extrication team will assess the situation and choose the most appropriate tool to stabilize the vehicle.
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What is the occurrence of elements properties in which it repeats every after the eight elements?
The occurrence of elements properties in which it repeats every after the eight elements named a periodicity.
Periodicity would be the reappearance of identical features in an element's behavior when it is organized in atomic number-increasing at frequent intervals.
The repeating of a comparable electronic configuration of an element's atoms in its outermost electron shell after such a predetermined regular interval that's what causes periodicity in its properties.
The elements were organized by chemist John A. R. Newland in order of increasing their atomic weight. He gave it the name "the principle of Octaves" and described how a particular collection of qualities recurs every eight places.
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A 70g chunk of metal at 180C was dropped in a bucket containing 400g of water at 25C. The final temperature of the mixture was 28C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal
Thus, the metal has a mhm specific heat capacity of 2.472 Joel program degrees Celsius.
To calculate the temperature change (T), subtract the end temperature from the initial temperature. Multiply the temperature change by the sample's mass. Share the product's energy and heat output. The equation is C = Q / (T m). The amount of heat energy per unit mass needed to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius is known as the specific heat. The form given below, where c is the specific heat, is typically used to express the relationship between heat and temperature change. Let S represent the water's specific heat capacity. Consequently, the combined temperature of 50g of water at 20°C and 50g of water.
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For each of the following molecules, would you expect greater solubility in water or in hexane?
a. toluene
b. sucrose (table sugar)
c. isobutene
d. ethylene glycol
Answer:
a
Explanation:
boiling point of 111ºC and hexane, with a boiling point of 69ºC, is 42ºC, making these two substances most easily separated
Which of the following is the strongest type of interaction that occurs between the atoms within the circled areas of the two molecules represented above? A) Polar covalent bond B) Nonpolar covalent bond C) Hydrogen bond D) London dispersion forces
The strongest type of interaction that occurs between the atoms is hydrogen bond.(option c)
A hydrogen atom that is bound to a highly electronegative atom and another highly electronegative atom that is close by interact with one another to form hydrogen bonds, which are an unique kind of attractive intermolecular interactions. This process is known as hydrogen bonding.
As a result of hydrogen bonding, a hydrogen atom simultaneously forms a covalent bond with one electronegative atom and a hydrogen bond with the other. These are the prerequisites for hydrogen bonding:
1.A strongly electronegative atom connected to the hydrogen atom must be present in the molecule. The degree of polarization of the molecule increases with increasing electronegativity.
2.The electronegative atom should have a tiny size. The strength of the electrostatic attraction increases with decreasing size.
So, the hydrogen bonding is the strongest bond.
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at ph=0, the net charge on a polypeptide will be negative.
a. true
b. false
False. A polypeptide will have a negative net charge at ph=0.
A polypeptide is what?A peptide is a small, chemically bound chain of amino acids, usually between two and fifty amino acids (called peptide bonds). A polypeptide is a longer (51 or more amino acids) chain of connected amino acids. One or more polypeptides are used to create the proteins that are produced inside of cells.
What role does the polypeptide play?Polypeptides. Proteins are created by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The coupling of two or so more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, after which they are folded into the appropriate shape.
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Can you describe , using full sentence , a car trip : o include distance , speed ,velocity and acceleration
Answer: Distance : The length of the space between two points.
Speed:The rate at which someone or something moves or operates or is able to move or operate.
Velocity: Velocity is the directional speed of an object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time.
Accerelation: Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities. The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by the orientation of the net force acting on that object.
Explanation: Hope it helps!
56. A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains a 2.0-liter sample of neon gas at STP. What is the
volume of this sample when its temperature is increased to 30.°C while its pressure is decreased to
90. kilopascals?
A) 2.5 L
B) 2.0L
C) 1.6L
D) 0.22 L
V2 = 2.499 2.5 L is the sample's volume when its temperature is raised to 30 °C and its pressure is lowered to 90 kilopascals.
What does the word "volume" actually mean?
The volume of an item is the space occupied inside its three-dimensional boundaries. A other word for it is the object's capacity.
What is the volume of the liquid?
The volume of liquid measured in a vessel's standard units is known as the liquid measurement. Infant milk bottle with milliliter measurement indications and juice bottle with a 1 liter capacity are two examples of vessels that have a "capacity" or "volume."
As,
Gas constant R is constant, so, Ideal gas equation can be written as,
P₁ V₁ / T₁ = P₂ V₂ / T₂
Solving for V₂,
V₂ = (P₁ × V₁ × T₂) ÷ (T₁ × P₂)
Putting Values,
V₂ = (101.325 KPa × 2 L × 303 K) ÷ (273 K × 90 KPa)
V₂ = 61402.95 ÷ 24570
V₂ = 2.499 ≈ 2.5 L
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What physical property is characteristic of all of the elements in the group 18 of the periodic table?
The quantity of electrons inside the valence (outermost) shells as well as the electron configurations among elements belonging to the identical group are identical. They display comparable chemical characteristics.
Noble gases were low chemically reactive, odourless, colourless, nonflammable, as well as monotonic gases. Noble gases are exceedingly stable as well as uncommon to form chemical connections since they have minimal inclination to receive or lose electrons, thanks to the complete valence electron shells of such atoms.
These gases don't receive, lose, or share electrons, making them inert as well as unreactive. They are often referred to as noble gases due to their rarity inside the atmosphere of the earth.
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what point is swift makihng in a modest proposel by discounting other people and more humane solutions
Making people aware of how terrible hunger and poverty are in contemporary society is the aim of A Modest Proposal.
These kinds of problems are still important in today's culture and are not only confined to Swift's day. Jonathan Swift wrote an article titled "A Modest Proposal" that discusses hunger and poverty. Swift created it in 1729 as a means of drawing attention to how terrible these issues were.Most likely, this idea did seem excessive to many of his contemporaries, especially if they failed to grasp the text's satirical and sarcastic tone. Swift is trying to make a point about how things between the rich English and the poor Irish have gotten out of hand.
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diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Atoms follow the octet rule, which makes them more stable in pairs.
The diatomic elements oxygen and nitrogen have a slightly more complex structure. There is a double bond between the two O atoms in the O₂ dot structure. And there is a triple bond between the two N atoms in the N₂ dot structure. Diatomic elements are elements that are never found alone in nature. It is always bound to another atom. The diatomic state of this atom is much more stable than its unbonded state.
Everything around us contains energy, even if it doesn't move. All molecules and atoms have spins and vibrations, but these are all internal forces.
All atoms try to reach the lowest potential. Atom has a state of lower energy, implying maximum stability under certain external conditions.
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