Answer: You, like many other organisms, need oxygen to live. As you know if you’ve ever tried to hold your breath for too long, lack of oxygen can make you feel dizzy or even black out, and prolonged lack of oxygen can even cause death. But have you ever wondered why that’s the case, or what exactly your body does with all that oxygen?
As it turns out, the reason you need oxygen is so your cells can use this molecule during oxidative phosphorylation, the final stage of cellular respiration. Oxidative phosphorylation is made up of two closely connected components: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.
So, where does oxygen fit into this picture? Oxygen sits at the end of the electron transport chain, where it accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water. If oxygen isn’t there to accept electrons (for instance, because a person is not breathing in enough oxygen), the electron transport chain will stop running, and ATP will no longer be produced by chemiosmosis. Without enough ATP, cells can’t carry out the reactions they need to function, and, after a long enough period of time, may even die.
In this article, we'll examine oxidative phosphorylation in depth, seeing how it provides most of the ready chemical energy (ATP) used by the cells in your body.
Overview: oxidative phosphorylation
Simple diagram of the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the matrix, NADH and FADH2 deposit their electrons in the chain (at the first and second complexes of the chain, respectively). The energetically "downhill" movement of electrons through the chain causes pumping of protons into the intermembrane space by the first, third, and fourth complexes. Finally, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which accepts them along with protons to form water. The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
Simple diagram of the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain is a series of proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
In the matrix, NADH and FADH2 deposit their electrons in the chain (at the first and second complexes of the chain, respectively).
The energetically "downhill" movement of electrons through the chain causes pumping of protons into the intermembrane space by the first, third, and fourth complexes.
Finally, the electrons are passed to oxygen, which accepts them along with protons to form water.
The proton gradient produced by proton pumping during the electron transport chain is used to synthesize ATP. Protons flow down their concentration gradient into the matrix through the membrane protein ATP synthase, causing it to spin (like a water wheel) and catalyze conversion of ADP to ATP.
Explanation:
hope this helpsselect all of the examples of potential energy
which choice correctly describes the process of protein synthesis
Polypeptides combine to produce protein is the one that accurately explains most about protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis :The process of making protein molecules is called protein synthesis. It includes amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, and post-translational activities in biological systems. There are a number of metabolic procedures known as amino acid synthesis that convert carbon sources like glucose into amino acids.
How does protein synthesis work?The biological process of creating protein molecules is known as protein synthesis. It involves the creation of amino acids, transcription, translation, and post-translational activities in biological systems. Some metabolic mechanisms in amino acid synthesis result in the creation of amino acids from carbon sources like glucose.
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I understand the question you are looking for :
which choice correctly describes the process of protein synthesis
A. Codons code for amino acids, which form polypeptides. The polypeptides combine to form proteins. B. Protein molecules are created in the Golgi apparatus. C. Proteins are made from ATP in the nucleus. D. Proteins are made outside the cell and enter the cell once complete.
which two statements explain why nitrogen is important to sustaining a healthy ecosystem?
A. many of the biomolecules in living things contain nitrogen.
B. animals break down nitrogen during cellular respiration to produce energy.
C. animals need nitrogen from their surroundings in order to grow and reproduce.
D. animals can use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.
The statements 'many of the biomolecules in living things contain nitrogen' and 'animals need nitrogen from their surroundings in order to grow and reproduce.' explain why nitrogen is important to sustaining a healthy ecosystem (Options A and C).
Why nitrogen is important for animal life?Nitrogen is fundamental in animal life because major groups of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA are composed of nitrogen. For example, in DNA, nitrogen bases composed of nitrogen are key parts of nucleotides.
Therefore, we can conclude that biomolecules contain nitrogen and animals need this element to survive in their environments (Options A and C).
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Producers and consumers recycle carbohydrates between them. which macronutrient is the one that is mainly recycled here?
Carbon is the main macronutrient that is recycled between producers and consumers.
What is meant by the carbon cycle?
Animals are called consumers as they use the oxygen plants release into the atmosphere. When consumers breathe, carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere, breaking down complex organic compounds like glucose and returning the macronutrient carbon to the atmosphere for reuse by producers.
In photosynthesis, producers use carbon dioxide to create food. When this meal is consumed for energy during cellular respiration, some carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere. The producer's body stores the remaining amount of the macronutrient as sugar. Consumers can now access it for energy. This is how carbohydrates are recycled between them.
Hence, macronutrient carbon plays the main role in recycling carbohydrates between producers and consumers.
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Red blood cells, which carry oxygen gas to the cells (which they need for aerobic cellular respiration/ to make enough ATP to stay alive!) only live for 90 days and are constantly being made in the marrow of your long bones. This is an example of an important interaction between WHICH 2 SYSTEMS?
A. digestive
B. urinary
C. circulatory
D. skeletal
E. muscular
Answer:
Circulatory and skeletal
Explanation:
Bone marrow is found in your bones and red blood cells are used in your ciculatory sytem
6. cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells, often results in a tumor, or mass of abnormal cells. some cancerous tumors consist of many cells that are much smaller than normal. according to model 1, what part(s) of the cell cycle is (are) most likely being affected?
Mitosis in g1 and preventing full cell growth most likely being affected.
What is the main reason for cancers?Cancer is brought on by changes (genetic changes) to the DNA of cells. A cell's DNA is organized into numerous distinct genes, each of which carries a set of instructions directing the cell's performance of specific tasks as well as its growth and division.
As a result of local tumor invasion, abnormal tumor vasculature, or tumor regression, bleeding may be brought on by the cancer itself. It might also be connected to previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer.
Mitosis :Chromosomes that have been replicated are divided into two new nuclei during the cell cycle phase known as mitosis. Mitosis, the process of cell division, produces genetically similar cells with a constant number of chromosomes. Thus, equational division is another name for mitosis.
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Why are hydrophilic/polar substances unable to travel easily through the membrane
50 POINTSSSS - WILL MARK BRAINLESTTT
Pick an environmental factors that impacts enzyme activity (Temperature , pH, or substrate concentration ) and explain how it affects the rate of the enzyme.
Answer:
in the explanation part.
Explanation:
The environmental factors that affect enzyme function include temperature, pH, the concentration of substrates and enzymes, and radiation.
Enzymes contain optimal range of temperature and pH , and if too far outside of that range, will either denature and come apart OR slow down and eventually stop.
Drag each label to the correct location on the image
The image below shows the process of DNA replication, Identify the components of the process.
DNA helicase
topoisomerase
lagging
strand
DNA polymerase Okazaki fragment RNA primase
original DNA
DANH LANA
primer
ADAWN
leading
strand
Reset
Next
HIDD
parent
DNA
DNA replication is semi-conservative and involves different enzymes in charge of unwinding the DNA molecule (topoisomerase), separating strands (helicase), creating primers (Primase), and adding complementary nucleotides (Polymerase). 1) DNA polymerase, 2) Topoisomerase, 3) Okazaki fragment, 4) DNA helicase, 5) RNA primase.
What is the DNA replication process?DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.
DNA Replication consists of the unwinding and opening of the double-stranded DNA molecule and producing two new molecules using these original strands.
DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one.
Initiation phase
Helicase and topoisomerase are the first enzymes involved.
Topoisomerase impedes the DNA double helix near the replication forks to get too coiled when the DNA is opening. This enzyme is necessary to release tension. Helicase works in the replication origin. It separates the original DNA molecule into two strands by breaking hydrogen bonds and separating the two original strands.Elongation phase
DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase act in this phase.
These enzymes are responsible for DNA elongation. They add nucleotides to the growing chain, from 3' to 5' extremes. The new chain grows in 5’-3’ direction.
Primase is in charge of synthesizing primers. Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment. DNA polymerase eliminate the primers and substitute them with DNA. This enzyme makes the new nucleotides enter the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand.DNA ligase seals the gaps that remain after replacing the primers.DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3'direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.
The replication process results in two DNA molecules, each of them carrying an old strand and a new strand.
1) DNA polymerase
2) Topoisomerase
3) Okazaki fragment
4) DNA helicase
5) RNA primase
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Write a summary about the relative positions of the sun, earth and moon throughout the lunar cycle. Your summary must should be a minimum of 5 sentences.
Answer:
The amount of Moon we see changes over the month — lunar phases — because the Moon orbits Earth and Earth orbits the Sun. Everything is moving. During a lunar eclipse, Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, blocking the sunlight falling on the Moon. Earth's shadow covers all or part of the lunar surface.
What happens when parathyroid glands become hyperactive and secrete too much of their hormone?.
In hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands is overactive. As a result, the gland makes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH).
What is the cause of increased parathyroid hormone secretion?
The negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood towards the parathyroid glands primarily controls the production of thyroid hormones. Low blood calcium levels stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high blood calcium levels prevent parathyroid hormone release.
Too much parathyroid hormone causes excessive calcium levels in the blood, which can lead to health issues such as bone thinning and kidney stones. Increased parathyroid hormone causes calcium levels in your blood to rise too high, which can lead to health problems such as bone thinning and kidney stones.
Therefore, when parathyroid glands become hyperactive and secrete too much of their hormone it results in hyperparathyroidism.
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Why is groundwater an important source of freshwater storage?
a.
It constitutes approximately 30% of Earth’s freshwater.
b.
It is the only viable source of freshwater in some areas.
c.
It is available in conditions of drought.
d.
All of the above
Answer: My awenser
Explanation: Try A.
Groundwater is an important source of freshwater, partly because it accounts for approximately 30% of the Earth's freshwater. Groundwater is an important source of freshwater for areas that do not have access to other sources of freshwater, such as areas that are experiencing droughts.
Answer:
D (All of the above)
Explanation:
the anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 mol of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of:the anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 mol of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of:.in the second half of the glycolytic pathway, atp molecules are produced and with the offset of atps consumed in the first half, the net yield is atps per glucose.
The net ATP gain during the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate is 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
During the process of glycolysis, 2 molecules of ATP are first expended to produce fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Then, this molecule is converted into 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), which is further oxidized into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG), producing 1 NADH per G3P molecule.
One 1,3BPG molecule is transformed into pyruvate, forming 2 ATP molecules. This means that 2 * 2 = 4 ATP are formed per glucose molecule, with the net gain being 4 - 2 = 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule transformed into 2 pyruvate molecules.
NADH entering the electron transport chain would produce more ATP, but during anaerobic conversion (also known as fermentation), pyruvate is reduced to lactate, using NADH as the reducing agent, so the net gain remains just 2 ATP molecules.
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what is the answer for the question?
Describe some complications that may happen when someone has a fracture wound.
Answer:
complications that can happen with fractures:
Blood vessel damage
Pulmonary embolism
Fat embolism
Compartment syndrome
Infections
Joint problems
Uneven limbs
Osteonecrosis
Write one to two paragraphs discussing your thoughts and prior knowledge on the question prompt: What changes do you think you would experience getting accustomed to this new way of life?
Please help me
Establishing a routine can be quite beneficial! Make sure to arrange time for your mental and emotional well-being, enjoyment, creativity, social interaction, and stress release in addition to your academic obligations.
Few important things to remember.1. Consider this an opportunity to think about who you want to be right now. Pay attention to what you can control.. It's important to be informed, yet it's also wise to take pauses from discussions, news, and information about COVID-19.
2. Most people experience adjustment in a different way. It is not a streamlined or clearly defined process. It's crucial to be flexible and patient.
3. Even with family, friends, and instructors, it's acceptable to establish boundaries.
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Scientists have developed antibiotics that destroy the cell walls of some cells. This medicine works really well on bacteria. Would it work well on viruses?
a . Yes, because viruses and bacteria both make people sick
b . No, because viruses only have plasma membranes
c. Yes, because viruses and bacteria have the same structure
d.No, because viruses are not made up of cells and lack a cell wall
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Recently, it has been proposed that three domains be added to our hierarchy of classification of living things. When these domains are added, where do they fit in the hierarchy?
After the class level and before the family level
Below the kingdom level
Above the kingdom level
Between the order and phylum levels
Answer:
Above kingdom Level
Answer:
C
Explanation:
alcohol . a. decreases the risk of pancreatitis b. stimulates the central nervous system c. lowers inhibitions d. is not consumed by students under age 21 e. is converted to glucose in the liver
The correct answer [c] Consuming alcohol lowers inhibitions.
Consuming alcohol lowers the inhibitions.
What do you mean by inhibition?In psychology, inhibition is the conscious or unconscious restraint or restriction of a process or behavior, particularly of urges or wants. The ability to inhibit oneself from acting on some impulses, such as the desire to hit someone in a fit of rage, and the ability to postpone the enjoyment of enjoyable activities, all serve important social functions. Conscious inhibition occurs frequently in daily life and appears whenever two opposing urges are felt (e.g., the desire to eat a rich dessert versus the desire to lose weight).
According to psychoanalytic theory, inhibition serves as a mediator between the superego (the conscience) and the id (primitive desires). Taboos are socially imposed inhibitions that are raised to the level of prohibition, such as those against incest or murder of unwritten laws
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If the SOLUTE concentration is higher on the left than the right, in which direction will the water move?
is the B is correct the letter (B)
Water will move to the side with more solutes (from right to left) therefore, option (B) is correct.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is the movement of particles or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is a natural process that occurs in liquids, gases, and solids and is driven by the tendency of particles to move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration in order to achieve equilibrium.
Diffusion is a vital process in living organisms, as it helps to distribute nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the body. It also plays a role in the movement of gases in and out of cells and in the regulation of temperature and pH within cells.
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Select two statements that describe the role of cytoplasm in maintaining homeostasis for the cell. a. cytoplasm aids in the movement of organelles. b. cytoplasm supports organelles in a gel-like fluid. c. cytoplasm aids in the repair of damaged cell parts. d. cytoplasm contains chloroplasts for photosynthesis. e. cytoplasm produces nutrients used by other organelles. f. cytoplasm controls what crosses into and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm aids in the movement of organelles and supports organelles in a gel-like fluid explains the role of cytoplasm in maintaining homeostasis for the cell.
The cytoplasm is the portion of a cell that lies between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane. It includes cytoskeleton and organelles in cytosol. Numerous cellular organelles reside in the cytoplasm of cells. Cytoplasm is a semifluid substance of the cell.so, as a result cytoplasm helps in movement of the organelles inside the cell.
The term "homeostasis" refers to the interior environment's preservation of almost constant circumstances. Every cell inside an organism is engaged in the ongoing struggle to maintain homeostasis. All cells including cell organelles , tissues and organs including cell membrane perform functions to maintain relatively constant conditions i .e Homeostasis.
So. The cytoplasm's function in preserving a cell's homeostasis is to give the organelles a favorable environment. Hence, supports organelles in gel-like fluid.
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Stu wanted to calculate the resistance of a light bulb connected to a 4.0-V battery, with a resulting current of 0.5 A. He used the formula R = VI and obtained an answer of 2 .
Making use of Ohm's law, the resistance of the light bulb is 8 Ohms and Stu’s solution changed into wrong.
Given the subsequent facts.
Voltage = 4.0 Volts
present day = zero.5 Amperes
To calculate the resistance of the mild bulb, we might observe Ohm's regulation:
Ohm's law states that at a regular temperature, the modern-day flowing thru an electrical circuit is at once proportional to the voltage carried out throughout the 2 terminals of the circuit and it is inversely proportional to the resistance inside the electric circuit.
Mathematically, Ohm's law is given by way of the method;
where;
V is the voltage measured in Volts.
i'm currently measured in Amperes.
R is resistance measured in Ohms.
Making resistance (R) the situation of components:
(obviously, Stu became wrong with the formulation he used)
Substituting the given parameters into the method, we have;
Resistance, R = 8 Ohms.
therefore, the resistance of the light bulb is
8 Ohm.
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Is the PH response to a buffer more like that of water or the biological materials
Answer: Biological material
the scientific hypothesis about the origin of the earth and solar system is different
Answer:
True. It IS different.
Explanation:
The scientific hypothesis about the origin of the earth is about how the Earth formed in the solar system.
The scientific hypothesis about the origin of the solar system is about how the solar system was formed along with all the other star systems in the universe.
These two things are different. One focuses on the formation of a special planet (Earth), while the other focuses on the formation of this solar system and all the other start systems in the universe.
The scientific hypothesis about the origin of the earth and solar system is different. Thus, the given statement is true.
What is Scientific hypothesis?
The scientific hypothesis about the origin of the earth which is about how the Earth formed in the solar system. The scientific hypothesis about the origin of the solar system is about how the solar system was formed along with all the other systems in the universe.
There are two things which are different. One, focuses on the formation of a special planet which is Earth, while the other focuses on the formation of the solar system and all the other systems in the universe.
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Which of these is TRUE about rRNA?
A. It helps mRNA move along the ribosome.
B. It unzips DNA strands.
C. It creates extra cytoplasm.
D. It takes DNA outside the nucleus.
The statement (A) is correct about rRNA that it helps mRNA move along the ribosome.
What is rRNA?Ribosomal ribonucleic acid is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes.
Moreover, rRNAs are found in the ribosomes and account for 80% of the total RNA present in the cell. Ribosomes are composed of a large subunit called the 50S and a small subunit called the 30S, each of which is made up of its own specific rRNA molecules.
Therefore, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), molecule in cells that forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein.
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Answer:A
Explanation:
What might have caused the rabbit population shown in the graph below to increase less in the third year than in the previous two years?
A graph with Years on the x-axis from 0 to 3 and Rabbits on the y-axis from 0 to 400, by hundreds. The line begins at 50, increases to near 150 at 1 year, increases to 250 at 2 years, ends at almost 300 at 3 years.
a.
an unusually cold winter the year before
b.
normal weather conditions
c.
habitat loss through urban sprawl
d.
habitat gain through urban sprawl
ANSWER is c
The rabbit population shown in the graph could have increased less in the third year than in the previous two years due to habitat loss through urban sprawl.
What is habitat loss?In ecology, habitat loss refers to the loss of the habitats of living organisms. The loss could be due to natural disasters or anthropological activities.
When the population of organisms of a particular species experiences habitat loss, it automatically results in a loss to some parts of the population.
In other words, habitat loss causes a decline in the population of organisms.
In the graph, the rabbit population experienced almost equal growth in the first and second years. The growth experienced in the third year, however, is not as big as in the first two years.
The reduction in the growth of the population could be linked to different factors. The logical one from the options is habitat loss through urban sprawl.
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Answer:
I’m just the best
Explanation:
How do organelles interact in the production and use of hemoglobin found in these cells? a. hemoglobin is produced by mitochondria and transports glucose so the chloroplasts in other cells can carry out photosynthesis. hemoglobin is produced by mitochondria and transports glucose so the chloroplasts in other cells can carry out photosynthesis. b. hemoglobin is produced by mitochondria and transports glucose so the ribosomes in other cells can carry out cell respiration. hemoglobin is produced by mitochondria and transports glucose so the ribosomes in other cells can carry out cell respiration. c. hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports carbon dioxide so the chloroplasts in other cells can carry out photosynthesis. hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports carbon dioxide so the chloroplasts in other cells can carry out photosynthesis. d. hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports oxygen so the mitochondria in other cells can carry out cell respiration. hemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports oxygen so the mitochondria in other cells can carry out cell respiration.
Option D
Haemoglobin is produced by ribosomes and transports oxygen so the mitochondria in other cells can carry out cell respiration.
Haemoglobin (Hb) is a type of globular protein present in red blood cells (RBCs), which transports oxygen in our body through blood. It is a tetrameric protein and contains the heme prosthetic group attached to each subunit. It is a respiratory pigment and helps in transporting oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin from the lungs to different parts of the body. Some amount of carbon dioxide is also transported back via haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.
Heme group refers to the group of heme molecules that are joined to hemoglobin or myoglobin. Heme molecules are referred to as individual heme. The mitochondria and cytoplasm of immature RBCs are where the heme portion of hemoglobin is generated. A center iron atom and a complex of four nitrogen atoms make up the heme group.
The cytoplasm is where ribosomes produce the globin protein. Mature mammalian RBCs still produce Hb even after losing their nuclei, up to the time that the reticulocytes reach the vasculature.
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the major defining characteristics of arthropods are: select all that apply. complex mouthparts. chitin. segmented bodies. metamorphosis. jointed appendages. trochophore larvae.
The major features defining characteristics of arthropods include:
Complex mouthpartsChitinJointed appendagesSegmented bodiesWhat are arthropods?Arthropods can be considered a special and broad taxonomic group of invertebrates animals that have an exoskeleton formed generally by a protein called chitin. In addition, arthropods are also characterized to have segmented bodies that may correspond to identical segments that may be different along their bodies.
Therefore, we can conclude that arthropods are animals that do not have an internal skeleton but instead an external exoskeleton mainly composed of chitin and also exhibit segments that may be repeated along their bodies.
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Which of the following items could you use to neutralize a base?
Soap
Baking soda
Lemon juice
Sea water
Answer:
Lemon Juice
Explanation:
In order to neutralize a base you would need a weak acid. Lemon juice is the only acidic substance.
a link is to a chain a monomer
A link is a chain, a monomer is a polymer bond or polymer chain. A monomer is a single unit of a polymer.
What is a polymer chain or polymer bond?A polymer chain is a chain of many monomers. When monomers joined together with bonds, they form polymers. Polymer bonds are bonds that contain energy in the stored form.
Covalent bonds joined monomers and form polymers. Polymers are the larger molecules. Monomers are a single and small units.
Therefore, a monomer is a polymer bond or polymer chain, just as a link is a chain. A polymer's monomer is its lone component.
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