Biomes are areas with distinct climates and distinct ecosystems, characterized by certain plants and animals. The biological diversity of a biome is determined by the number and variety of organisms found there.
The following sets of biomes are placed in order from most to least biologically diverse:
Tropical Rainforest - This biome is characterized by a warm and wet climate, and is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. The dense forests and high humidity make this biome the most biologically diverse of the sets listed.
Temperate Seasonal Forest - These forests typically have four distinct seasons and are home to a wide variety of animals and plants, though not as varied as the tropical rainforest.
Woodland/Shrubland - This biome is characterized by shrubby vegetation and temperate climates. While there is a wide variety of plants and animals found in this biome, it is not as biologically diverse as the other biomes listed.
Subtropical Desert - This biome is characterized by hot, dry climates and sparse vegetation. There are a few species of plants and animals that can survive in this environment, but overall there is less biological diversity than in the other biomes.
Tundra - This biome is characterized by cold climates and low levels of vegetation. Few species of plants and animals can survive in this environment, and so it is the least biologically diverse of the sets listed.
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What could occur if the feedback loop of the knee reflex was cut off at any point along its path?
This is an illustration of a reflex, which is an uncontrollable muscle reaction brought on by the tap of a rubber hammer on a tendon.
What is a feedback loop?
The absence of reflex reactions may indicate injury to the spinal cord, a nerve root, a peripheral nerve, or a muscle.
Two positive feedback loops are involved in the defecation reflex. These loops are the stretch receptors in the sacral parasympathetic system and the rectal walls.
Therefore, a reflex is an uncontrollable muscle reaction brought on by the tap of a rubber hammer on a tendon.
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What is the best way to ensure proper protein levels?
To ensure proper protein level one should include various sources of protein that can include lean meat , eggs , diary products ,protein shakes and legumes .
Protein is one of the most essential nutrients for daily life , as they are required to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein also plays crucial role in growth and development in children and expecting mothers .
In general , proteins are required for the repairing and building your body's tissues, They also allows metabolic reactions to occurs at place for easy body function . so we can say that protein is crucial for maintaining structural framework of body and also helps in maintaining fluid balance .
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Drag each label to the correct location.
Geologists study a variety of other characteristics to identify minerals, such as texture, magnetism, streak plate markings, density, and specific gravity. Use the information you have already gathered, in addition to a few other properties of minerals, to identify the seven minerals in the chart below. If you need help using the graduated cylinder or scale, consult the lab instruments and measurements guide. If you do not have access to the seven minerals given, use this resource to complete the chart.
Answer:
quartz gypsum pyrite magnetite graphite fluorite talc
Explanation:
A group of herbivores are separated from their individual population. In the new environment, the only edible
vegetation grows underground.
-What would be a like likely structural adaptation that would occur?
-Explain how step by step how this would result in the population changing over time?
Over time, an adaptation that will make it easier for herbivores to acquire food is a long neck.
What are herbivores?An herbivore is an organism that mostly eats plants. A herbivore can be any size, from tiny insects like ants to huge, massive elephants. Herbivores make up a substantial portion of the food web, which is a description of the species that eat other animals in the wild.
Humans are they herbivores?We are physically herbivorous, despite the fact that many people prefer to consume both plants as meat, giving us the questionable moniker of "omnivores." The good news is that it's still possible to dine like our ancestors: Vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes form the foundation of a wholesome vegan diet.
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How would cyanide poisoning affect the rest of the ETC and proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
After the cyanide poisoning the proton gradient will be reduced. Moreover, it will lead to the stopping of the electron transport chain (ETC). Because it prevents the complex IV from transporting electrons, cyanide functions as a poison.
Most of the electron transport chain will abruptly slow down and cease if complex IV cannot transmit electrons. Protons won't be pumped out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space if electrons aren't traveling along the transport chain. The gradient will deteriorate as the protons already in the intermembrane space move down their gradient and into the matrix because they won't be replaced. Thus, this will cause the intermembrane space's pH to decrease.
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Why is a percentage scale used for the x-axis rather than actual ages? A) Researchers dont know the maximum life span of the organisms. B) This scale allows you to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph. C) The range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph. D) For any graph, the x-axis and y-axis must use the same units.
It allows researchers to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph.So the correct option is c.
When discussing the life spans of organisms, it is common to use a percentage scale rather than actual ages on the x-axis of a graph. There are several reasons for this.
First, researchers do not know the maximum life span of the organisms that they are studying. By using a percentage scale, they can compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph without having to worry about one species having a much longer lifespan than the others.
Second, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph. By using a percentage scale, the data can be more easily visualized and compared.
Finally, for any graph, the x-axis and y-axis must use the same units. By using a percentage scale on the x-axis, the researcher can easily use the same units on both the x-axis and y-axis, making the data easier to compare and interpret.
In conclusion, a percentage scale is used for the x-axis of a graph when discussing the life spans of organisms because it allows researchers to compare species with widely varying life spans on the same graph, the range of the actual ages would be too large to fit on the graph, and the data can be more easily visualized and compared if the same units are used on both the x-axis and y-axis.
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A molecule that can be used as a molecular clock has a neutral mutation rate of one mutation per 40 million years. How many years ago did two species share a common ancestor if the molecules found in these two species differ by a total of eight mutations
The two species must have shared a common ancestor 320 million years ago, since the neutral mutation rate of the molecular clock is one mutation per 40 million years and the two species differ by a total of eight mutations.
A molecular clock is a tool used by scientists to estimate the time since two species have shared a common ancestor. This is done by measuring the number of genetic differences, or mutations, between the two species. The molecular clock is based on the assumption that the mutation rate is constant.
In this case, we know that the neutral mutation rate of the molecule being used as a molecular clock is one mutation per 40 million years. This means that for two species to have a difference of eight mutations, it must have been at least 320 million years ago that they shared a common ancestor.
To arrive at this conclusion, we can use the following formula:
Number of mutations × Neutral mutation rate = Time since common ancestor
In this case, 8 mutations × 40 million years = 320 million years. This means that two species must have shared a common ancestor at least 320 million years ago for them to have a difference of eight mutations.
The molecular clock can be a powerful tool for scientists to estimate the time since two species have shared a common ancestor. In this case, the neutral mutation rate of the molecule was known and used to calculate that two species must have shared a common ancestor at least 320 million years ago.
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This is all the information it gives
Food coloring molecules in both the hue yellow and the color blue are tiny.
What does the word "membrane" mean?The small piece that defines the external perimeter of a live colony or a interior cell compartment is known in biology as a membrane. The organelles are the spaces surrounded by internal membranes and have the plasma membrane as their external border.
What purposes do membranes serve?Therefore, the cell membrane serves two purposes: first, as a barrier preserving the components in and undesired things out, and second, as a gate permitting the passage of vital nutrients into the cell and the movement of waste products out of the cell.
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Individuals with a(n) ________ body type gain muscle more easily than individuals with other body types.
Individuals with a(n) mesomorphic body type gain muscle more easily than individuals with other body types.
Mesomorphic body types are characterized by a broad chest, long limbs, and a V-shaped torso. Individuals with this body type typically gain muscle more easily than those with other body types. This is due to the fact that their bodies naturally contain more lean muscle mass and their metabolism is higher. They also tend to build muscle more quickly in response to exercise and have more balanced levels of hormones that stimulate muscle growth.
Additionally, they have an advantage in terms of how quickly they can recover from intense exercise, allowing them to continue to progress in their workouts. For these reasons, individuals with a mesomorphic body type are able to gain muscle quickly and easily.
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An investigator wishes to use animals in an experiment that involves category B, C, and D activities performed on the same animal. How should the animal be categorized?A. Categories B, C, and D. B. Category B. C. Category C. D. Category D
When doing activities that fall under USDA pain categories B, C, or D on the same animal, the animals utilized in the experiment should be placed in USDA category D.
The level of pain that an animal employed in testing and research may experience is categorized using the USDA pain categories. These are the categories:
USDA B: The animal won't experience any type of suffering.
USDA C: The animal may experience sporadic little pain.
USDA D: Excruciating processes that medication will lessen.
USDA E: Excruciating processes that cannot be eased.
According to Category B, the animal won't experience pain. These animals are frequently utilized for breeding, which is a natural procedure that doesn't harm the animals.
In contrast to animals in category E, animals in category D undergo unpleasant or stressful operations and are given anaesthetics and other pharmacological agents to lessen or totally relieve the discomfort.
There is a rigid rule for these categories. Because the experiment will include USDA B, C, and D procedures, the animals must be classified according to the USDA category that will involve the most painful technique.
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What are some of the strategies which can be used on an individual with chronic disease to enable change of behaviour overtime?
When it comes to helping individuals with chronic diseases to change their behaviors and habits, some of the most effective strategies include:
Education: Educating the individual about the condition, the risks of not changing their behaviors, and the potential benefits of changing them.Goal Setting: Helping the individual to set realistic, achievable goals for behavior change, and then providing support and encouragement throughout the process.Self-Monitoring: Encouraging the individual to track their progress in making changes to their behaviors, either through physical notebooks or via apps.Motivation: Offering incentives and rewards for positive behavior change, such as giving praise or offering rewards for small successes.Social Support: Helping the individual to build a support network of friends and family who can provide motivation, assistance, and accountability throughout the process.Cognitive Restructuring: Helping the individual to identify and challenge the negative thoughts and beliefs that may be contributing to the negative behaviors, and replacing them with more positive and helpful thoughts.Problem-Solving: Working with the individual to develop strategies for overcoming obstacles that may be standing in the way of making changes.Learn more about strategies:
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Can someone help me please? if you've done the nitrogen cycle on gizmo about the blue baby syndrome please respond
Gizmo High nitrate levels in a newborn's drinking water are typically the cause of the blue baby syndrome. To save other babies from getting sick and to identify the source of the elevated nitrates is crucial.
Blue infant syndrome is most frequently brought on by nitrate-contaminated water. A baby's body turns nitrates into nitrites after consuming formula prepared with nitrate-rich water. The body's haemoglobin binds to these nitrites to generate methemoglobin, which cannot transport oxygen.
A well-known risk factor for child methemoglobinemia is preparing infant formula using drinking water that has been polluted with nitrogen cycle. Infants that are affected have strange blue-gray skin and, depending on the degree of their disease, may become agitated or sluggish.
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What is the genetic basis behind the appearance and gender of calico cats?
The gene for "orange or black coat" is on the X chromosome, so if "orange" and "black" are active in different cells, female cats can have both colors of calico cat's coat. Yes, because male cats only have one X. The chromosome is her only one of these colors.
The calico, or more specifically tortoiseshell, pattern of cats is observed in female (or rarely male XXY) cats with different alleles at the coat color locus on the X chromosome. One of the X chromosomes carries alleles for black fur pigment and the other for orange fur pigment. Random inactivation of one of the X chromosomes causes orange and black spots on the cat's coat. Males with a single X chromosome have either orange or black fur, depending on which allele they possess. Calico cats have large white spots along with orange or black spots on their fur due to an autosomal gene that causes white spots.
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Why are the processes of crossing over and independent assortment important events during meiosis?
Each gamete has a unique DNA set because of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis. The resultant zygote has a special set of genes as a result.
A diploid cell, or homolog, the first stage of meiosis, has two copies of each chromosome. Each homolog now consists of two identical sister chromatids as a result of the cell's first DNA replication process.
Then, through homologous recombination, each set of homologs pairs with one another and exchanges genetic material, frequently resulting in physical connections (crossovers) between the homologs. The spindle machinery segregates the homologs into distinct daughter cells during the first meiotic division. The cells then move directly to a second division without a round of DNA replication in between.
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A direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab stained with Loeffler methylene blue stain showed various letter shapes and deep blue, metachromatic granules. The most likely identification is:
A. Corynebacterium spp.
B. Nocardia spp.
C. Listeria spp.
D. Gardnerella spp.
The identification from a direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab stained with Loeffler methylene blue stain showed various letter shapes and deep blue, metachromatic granules: Corynebacterium spp.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
Lаborаtory tests from direct exаminаtion of swаbs or blood smeаr of Corynebacterium spp. are
Swаbs should be tаken from involved аreа of nаsophаrynx аnd, if present, underneаth membrаnesGrаm stаining will show grаm-positive rods with pleomorphic morphology. Mаny species аre club shаped and mаy be аrrаnged in pаlisаdes or v-shаped аrrаngements.Neisser or Loeffler methylene blue stаining demonstrаtes metаchromаtic grаnules (limited sensitivity)For more information about nasopharyngeal swab refers to the link: https://brainly.com/question/29819432
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Which of the following is not a factor in the regulation of cell division in normal cells?
a. Growth factors enter the cell nucleus
b. Signals are transduced from cell surface to cell nucleus
c. Transcription factors are recruited
d. Growth-inhibiting factors promote the synthesis of proteins that inhibit cell division
Growth factors entering the cell nucleus are not a factor in the cell division regulation in normal cells. Therefore, option a is correct.
The word "growth factor" refers to a group of gene products that are crucial in controlling cell division and tissue proliferation. There is a unique cell receptor for each growth factor.
Growth factors can act on particular cell surface receptors, which then relay their signals to various intracellular components and ultimately lead to altered gene expression. When a growth factor binds to a receptor, cell division can begin or be blocked in particular circumstances.
They attach to the receptor and function as signaling molecules. To have the desired effect, the activated receptor in turn activates an intracellular protein. They don't enter the cell nucleus instead act on the cell surface receptors.
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What is weight of 100 seeds called?
The weight of 100 seeds is known by the name Hundred Seed Weight (HSW).
Seed is the fertilized ovule that represents the undeveloped part of the plant. It consists of all the essential enzymes and food reserves required for its growth and development into a fully grown plant. The seeds can remain in dormant stage for a very long period of time.
HSW gives the yield of the plant and is also an indicator of the inheritance of the quantitative characteristics and how the inheritance is affected by the genotype and environmental factors. Large seeds impact the yield of the plant positively.
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How do you treat chronic disease naturally?
Treating chronic disease naturally is becoming increasingly popular as more people look to natural remedies to support their health and wellbeing. There are a number of strategies you can use to treat chronic disease naturally, such as making lifestyle changes, utilizing natural treatments and supplements, and finding supportive resources.
Lifestyle changes are key to treating chronic disease naturally, as they can help reduce inflammation, reduce stress, and improve overall wellness.
Eating a healthy, balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep are all important lifestyle changes that can help to manage chronic illness. Additionally, reducing your exposure to environmental toxins and managing stress levels can be beneficial.
Natural treatments and supplements can also be used to help treat chronic disease naturally. Herbs, essential oils, and dietary supplements can be used to support a healthy immune system, reduce inflammation, and support overall wellbeing.
Finally, finding supportive resources can be helpful in managing chronic illness naturally. Support groups, online forums, and communities can provide emotional support and help connect individuals with resources and information to help them manage their chronic disease.
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Where is the most ATP produced in cellular respiration ?
The majority of ATP created during cellular respiration is used in the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation).
Cellular respiration is the mechanism by which glucose molecules are broken down into [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] to provide energy from Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, cellular respiration often occurs in an organism's cells by turning the metabolic energy contained in foods into adenosine triphosphate. Additionally, it occurs in three steps, which are the TCA cycle, electron transport, and glycolysis (Oxidative phosphorylation). As a result, the stage of aerobic cellular respiration that produces the most ATPs is called oxidative phosphorylation.
Normally, ATP releases energy by dismantling any weak phosphate cells that may be present. The energy that is released as the phosphate cell disintegrates is then put to use. ADP is created after ATP.
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Which of the following best describes why scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to star cluster M13?
Scientists used the conversion of stored binary patterns to send an image to the star cluster M13 as a way to transmit data over long distances through space using radio waves.
What are binary patterns?
Generally, Radio waves allowed scientists to communicate data over vast distances via space by converting stored binary patterns into a pattern that could be decoded as an image. This was done in order to send a picture to the star cluster M13.
By encoding the information to be sent into a binary format, which can then be communicated as a sequence of radio waves, this technology enables the transfer of enormous quantities of information in a manner that is both efficient and accurate.
It is possible that the picture was selected as the data to be sent in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology or to test those capabilities.
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What is the best example of a Mendelian trait in humans?
The best example of a Mendelian trait in humans is phenylketonuria. This illness is an illustration of a Mendelian trait since it is passed down from parents to children when both parents have heterozygous (Aa) and homozygous (Aa) circumstances.
Mendelian qualities are determined by all of Mendel's postulated Laws of Inheritance and are traits that are transferred from parents to children through dominant and recessive alleles of a gene. The lack of an enzyme that turns the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine is the root cause of the autosomal recessive inherited disorder. As a result, the amino acid builds up and is converted into the toxic form of phenyl pyruvic acid, which builds up in the brain of the person and causes r-e-t-a-r-d-a-t-i-o-n.
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British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of
a. directional selection.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. genetic drift.
e. mutation.
British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of disruptive selection, which means option C is the right answer.
British land snails are the native organisms of north west Europe. They are found in two extreme forms only because disruptive selection favors only extreme phenotypes to sustain in the changing environment, while the intermediate phenotypes are either rejected naturally by the nature or they fall prey to other large animals and so their population is very less in nature particularly their native habitat.
Disruptive selection causes extreme phenotypic population to get more easily adaptive in nature and helps them increase their population through reproduction. Thus extreme population has higher frequency than other variations present.
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. A student using a compound
light microscope
to study plant cells observed that most of the
cells resembled the one shown in the following
diagram.
Under the compound microscope, a plant cell exposed to a cytoplasmically hypertonic liquid will appear smaller or constricted than a typical cell.
What is a microscope?Equipment called a microscope is used to see things that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. In science labs and schools, microscopes are frequently used to view a variety of minute objects, including cells, bacteria, tissue structures, minerals, and electronics. Magnification (enlarging the image) and contrast are provided by microscopes (making them stand out of the background). To do this, microscopes are composed of a few magnification lenses, each with a different level of magnification and focusing power.
What do you understand by hypertonic liquid?The salt solution is hypertonic with regard to the interior of the cells if there is a larger concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside it, as would occur if you placed red blood cells in a concentrated salt solution. Crenation, or the process by which red blood cells shrink and shrivel as water escapes, occurs until the solute concentration within and outside of the red blood cells is the same.
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A biologist used the radioisotope tritium (3H) to label thymine and the radioisotope carbon-14 (14C) to label uracil. She then incubated a growing bacterial culture with both labeled bases. After five hours of incubation, the biologist extracted polynucleotides from the cells and separated them into three groups, each containing a range of different polynucleotide lengths. The first group contained the shortest polynucleotides. The second group contained polynucleotides of midrange length, and the third group contained the longest polynucleotides. Then she determined the percentage of each radiolabel in each fraction. Her data are summarized in the table above. Which statement represents a reasonable hypothesis that could explain these results?Uptake of 3H label resulted from DNA replication, and uptake of 14C label resulted from transcription.
The statement that represents a reasonable hypothesis that could explain these results is Uptake of 3H label resulted from DNA replication, and uptake of 14C label resulted from transcription.
The process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to form two identical DNA molecules is known as DNA replication. Replication is necessary because when a cell splits, the two new daughter cells must have the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
The process of transcribing a piece of DNA into RNA is known as transcription. Messenger RNA is created when segments of DNA are translated into RNA molecules that can encode proteins. Other DNA sequences are transcribed into RNA molecules known as non-coding RNAs. Only 1-3% of total RNA samples contain mRNA.
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Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____.
Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a form of genetic material.
The viral DNA is packaged within the viral capsid and is released into the cells of the host organism when the virus enters the cell. Once inside the cell, the viral DNA is uncoated and then incorporated into the host cell's own genetic material. This process, known as “genetic transformation”, is how the virus replicates its genetic material and spreads to other cells.
The incorporation of viral DNA into a host cell is an essential part of how viruses spread and cause disease. The viral DNA is able to take control of the host cell's normal cellular functions and cause it to produce more viral particles.
This process, termed “lytic cycle”, is necessary for the virus to spread and cause infection. In some cases, the viral DNA also integrates into the host cell's genome, allowing the viral genetic material to be passed down through generations of cells. This process, referred to as “lysogenic cycle”, can lead to persistent infections and chronic diseases.
In order to successfully incorporate its DNA into the host cell, the virus must first attach to the host cell's membrane. This is done by the virus making use of specific proteins known as “receptors” that are found on the cell's surface. When the virus attaches to the receptor, it is allowed to enter the cell. Once inside the cell, the viral DNA is then uncoated and incorporated into the host cell's own genetic material.
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The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called ________.
Elastance is the capacity of a lung to recoil or rebound after strain.
What use does the lung serve?Respiration, a mechanism of gas exchange, is the major purpose of the lungs (or breathing). During breathing, Co₂, a metabolic waste product, exits the bloodstream while oxygen from air flowing enters. Reduced lung effect can be attributed to the lungs' diminished capacity to exchange gases.
Do your lungs allow us to survive?Typically, you need one lung or more to survive. In one instance, a patient had to have both lungs extracted and it was maintained alive for six days on life support before receiving a lung transplant. Since one needs both lungs to survive, this is not a routine treatment.
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what enzyme can proof-read the dna molecule, minimizing the mistakes made during the process of dna replication?
The DNA polymerase enzyme's capacity to proofread the DNA molecule helps to decrease DNA replication mistakes.
Fortunately, cells have developed extremely complex mechanisms to correct most of those errors, but not all of them. While some errors are fixed following replication in a stage called mismatch repair, others are fixed while replication is still happening in a stage called proofreading. Replication is impeded when an erroneous nucleotide is added to the developing strand because the exposed 3′-OH group is in the wrong location. DNA polymerase enzymes notice this during proofreading and swap out the erroneous nucleotide to keep replication going. Even if 99 percent of mistakes may be corrected by proofreading, accurate cell reproduction is still not possible.
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When examining the genetic code, it is apparent that ________.
O there are 44 stop codons because there are only 20 amino acids
O AUG is a terminating codon
O there can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid
O the code is ambiguous in that the same codon can code for two or more amino acids
O there can be more than one amino acid for a particular codon
When examining the genetic code, it is apparent that: There can be more than one codon for a particular amino acid.
The genetic code is a set of rules used by living cells to convert information held in genetic material (nucleotide triplet sequences, or codons) into proteins.
The ribosome joins proteinogenic amino acids in the order prescribed by messenger RNA (mRNA), transporting amino acids and reading the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is relatively similar among all creatures and may be stated in a simple table with 64 items.
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A _____________ forms as a result of lava that has cooled at the top of a volcano.
a.
vent
b.
caldera
c.
pipe
d.
chamber
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
B caldera forms as a result of lava that has cooled at the top of a volcano.
Explanation:
-would you expect someone with emphysema to have a greater or lesser vital capacity than someone without the disease ? why?
It is expected someone with emphysema has a lesser vital capacity than someone without the disease simply because it decreases the ability to recover air during the process of breathing.
What is an emphysema medical condition?An emphysema medical condition may be considered as a health problem that decreased the ability of the lungs to take air due to impairment in the process of exhalation, which causes shortness of breathing responses in the individual affected by this problem. Emphysema is caused by injuries that are able to affect the air sacs present in the lung tissues, which decrease the ability to interchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) during respiration.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that emphysema is a medical condition that decreases the ability to breathe and thus also it is detrimental to the vital capacity of the lungs.
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