Answer:
You might have heard people talk about Einstein’s speed of light, and that it’s always the same. The part that most people leave out is that this is only true in a vacuum—when there’s no pesky molecules of air or water to slow it down. But when light moves through a more familiar medium like air, it moves more slowly due to the interactions of individual photons with the molecules in the material. In general, the more optically dense the medium, the slower the light will move. So what happens to the light when it goes from one medium to another?
Light changes speed
Imagine that you and your friends are at the beach. You all decide to swim together, so you link arms and approach the water as a straight line. As you start walking into the water, you all slow down, because it’s harder to walk through water than through air. So imagine that you approach the water at an angle relative to the shoreline. The person on the end will meet the water and slow down first, then the next person in line, then the next, until everyone is walking through the water. Because one end of the line slowed down before the other end, the line of people becomes crooked, with the people who are still on the beach at a different angle relative to the water’s edge than the people who have already entered the ocean.
Beach example diagram
You can say that the water bends the path of of each individual toward a normal line drawn perpendicularly to the shoreline, since the people still on the shore are bent further away from the shoreline than those in the water.
The same thing happens to a light ray when it moves from air to water, or from any fast medium to a slow medium: it bends toward the normal.
Light ray bending to normal diagram
Least time principle
Another way to think of this is to imagine you and your friend are racing out to a raft in the middle of a lake. You have to travel across a beach and then through the water.
Beach and raft example diagram
Your friend decides to make a beeline for the raft and runs down the beach. You know that you can run faster than you can swim, so you head toward the water at an angle so that you run for longer than you will swim.
Beach and raft example diagram with paths overlay
Sure enough, your strategy pays off, and you get to the raft first. Your friend took the shortest path in terms of distance, but you took into account the difference in speed in each medium, and took the shortest path in terms of time. That means you took the path of least time.
Light does exactly that when moving between mediums. It takes the path that will take the shortest amount of time, when you account for the difference in speed between the mediums.
For example, imagine you are looking out the window. You have air, glass, and then air again. Glass is denser than air, so the light from outside passes from a fast medium, through a slow medium and into a fast medium again. The light will take the path from outside to your eye that spends the least time
Light diffraction through glass diagram
You can also see that the rule from earlier still applies: when the light enters the glass the ray is bent towards the normal. When it leaves the glass, it is bent away from the normal, and regains the same angle as before it entered the glass.
Light diffraction through glass diagram with overlay
Consider the following
Say you’re at the aquarium, and there’s a tank that’s totally full of water, so there’s glass over the top and sides. If you stand back a little, you can see the same stingray through the top of the tank and the wall of the tank.
Aquarium refraction diagram
Because you see the light coming through the glass at two different points, you see two images of the same stingray.
Use what you know about fossils to choose the correct answers from the drop-down menus to complete each statement.
I know about fossils that Fossils provide a record of animals that are, or are no longer living which is the correct answer from the dropdown menu.
The history of life as recorded by fossils, which are the remains or imprints of species from past geological eras preserved in sedimentary rock, is known as the fossil record. Continents that were once together must have been together in the geological past, according to fossils of the same genus or species. The dead and organic remains of extinct species that were buried deep in the earth millions of years ago are known as fossils. It is defined in a more straightforward manner as the remains or evidence of plants and animals that once lived in the past.
When an organism or fossil demonstrates a process of steady change over time, it is said to have undergone an evolution. Extinction, on the other hand, is the event in which species vanish from the ecosystem as a result of any method, such as habitat destruction.
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The given question is incomplete. The complete question is :
Use what you know about fossils to choose the correct answers from the drop-down menus to complete each statement.
a). If the same organism appears on two different continents, this is evidence of
(b). Fossils show how organisms change, or, over time.
(c). Fossils provide a record of animals that are, or are no longer living.
Uracil pairs with
Othymine.
Oany nitrogen base.
Ouracil.
O adenine.
Answer:
uracil pairs with adenine
what is the salt concentration of pure water
The main function of the circulatory system is to: Secrete (release) enzymesProduce hormones (testosterone/estrogen)Digest (break down) proteinsTransporting (moving) materials
To answer this question we need to look at each statement:
Secrete (release) enzymes: in this case is more propper of the digestive system since its function is to break food into usable nutrientes by the cells in the body.
Produce hormones (testosterone/estrogen): This is actually part of the endocrine system, that is in charge to produce and regulating hormone production.
Digest (break down) proteins: This is also part of the digestive system, as it was mentioned before their function is to break food into nutrients.
Transporting (moving) materials: This is correct, the circulatory system has the function to transport materials in and out of cells.
Which of the following are correct? (Select more than one answer) Select 2 correct answer(s) Question 4 options: A small amount of heat energy is transferred to a consumer on the next trophic level. A small amount of chemical energy is transferred to a consumer on the next trophic level. A large amount of heat energy is lost before predation. A small amount of heat energy is lost before predation.
The options that are correct are:
Option A: A small amount of heat energy is transferred to a consumer on the next trophic level. Option D: A small amount of heat energy is lost before predation.How can a food chain lose energy through heat?The energy does not always move up the food chain from one level to the next. 90% of energy may be lost as heat (emitted during respiration), through motion, or in foods that people cannot digest. Decomposers can use the energy held in undigested items.
Note that Each trophic level's energy content diminishes as it progresses through an ecosystem. At any given trophic level, only 10% of the energy is transmitted to the next level.
Thus, the remaining 90% is primarily wasted as heat during metabolic activities.
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Label the letters below with the cell organelle.
Question 5 options:
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
1. B
2. I
3. E
4. H
Answer:
1. B is the nucleus
2. I is the cell membrane
3. E is the Golgi apparatus
4. H is the mitochondria
You are a carbon atom. You are having a wonderful (or awful) life, bonded to
your 5 closest friends (or enemies) in a great (or evil) glucose molecule. But your cell
needs you. It requires the energy glucose contains, which means your molecule must go
through the process of cellular respiration, in which your molecule is broken into 6
separate carbon dioxide molecules. Sounds noble, but personally devastating.
Please describe each step of cellular respiration that leads to destruction of the glucose
molecule. For each step, you must discuss the molecules involved, such as ATP, electron
carriers etc. You must discuss what is removed at each step and what is left to move to
the next step. For this question, you do not need to go into detail about the exact names of
the enzymes that facilitate each step.
A metabolic manner referred to as cellular respiration converts glucose to ATP. Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are the stages of cellular respiration.
Four steps of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis. During glycolysis, the six-carbon sugar glucose is going thru some of chemical changes. In the end, it's miles converted into molecules of pyruvate, an natural molecule with 3 carbons.Oxidation of pyruvate. The mitochondrial matrix, the inner most compartment of the mitochondria, gets every pyruvate produced for the duration of glycolysis.Cycle of citric acid. A four-carbon molecule and the created acetyl CoA engage and go through a chain of events, in the end renewing the preliminary four-carbon molecule.Phosphorylation through oxidation A gradient is created as protons are pumped out of the matrix as electrons flow down the chain, liberating power as they do so. Through the introduction of ATP through the enzyme ATP synthase, protons float returned into the matrix.Chemical Energy: C6H12O6 6O2 → 6CO2 6H2O (in ATP)According to the equation, oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6) react to provide carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), which releases power. Cellular respiratory is an cardio manner because oxygen is essential for it to occur.
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What happens to the concentration of enzymes over the course of a chemical
reaction?
OA. It increases gradually.
OB. It decreases gradually.
C. It remains constant.
D. It increases to a maximum and then decreases again.
Answer:
Explanation:
CORRECT ANSWER: It remains constant.
Thank me later!!!!!!!
Botanical keys use (blank) contrasting statements which you must choose the most correct one. Enter a numerical answer.
Answer:
The keys are taxonomic literature based on the contrasting characters generally a pair called couplet.
interpret the chemical formula for the organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
The chemical formulae for carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y, for lipids is CH3(CH2)nCOOH , and for proteins is RCH(NH2)COOH.
Carbohydrates are the polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. In simple terms, they are also called hydrates of carbon. The carbohydrates have three classes: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. The carbohydrates can have structural, nutritional or energy giving functions in the body.
Proteins are the polymers of amino acids. The primary structure of protein is composed of linear chain of amino acids and the sequence of these amino acids is responsible for the further folding of proteins that describes the functionality of the protein.
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Which of the following is NOT a prokaryote?
A. Fungi
B. E. Coli
C. Archaea
Answer:
Fungi
Explanation:
it is a eukaryote
Which is not a prokaryote?
In the given options, Saccharomyces is not a prokaryote as it is a fungus and hence a eukaryote. They have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound nucleus.
Which element is most common in carbohydrates?
O hydrogen
O carbon
O nitrogen
O oxygen
Hydrogen is most common in carbohydrates.
What are carbohydrates?Prior to any oxidation or reduction, the majority of carbohydrates have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Carbohydrates are made up only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.The polyhydroxyaldehydes (aldoses) or polyhydroxyketones (ketoses) that makeup carbohydrates are made of C, H, and O.They are divided into three categories: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.Most of the carbohydrates in humans are d isomers, unlike in animals. The most significant monosaccharide in humans, glucose is an aldohexose that cells use as fuel.In a 1:2:1 ratio, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up the class of chemical molecules known as carbohydrates.To learn more about carbohydrates, refer
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Prey animals are...
A. mutualistic.
B. carnivores.
C. captured and eaten.
Answer:
Explanation:
answer C. Captured and Eaten
Reason: B. Carnivores are meat and hunt for prey and A: are things that help each other out
Give a good Explanation and I Will Give Brainiest
Is the coloring of the peppered moths an example of competition, differential reproductive success, or inherited variation? Explain why.
The coloring of the peppered moths is an example of the differential reproductive success that leads to an increase in the frequency of certain phenotypes in a population.
What is differential reproductive success?The term differential reproductive success makes reference to certain phenotypic features that may be considered adaptive in a given environment and therefore lead to higher reproductive fitness in the individuals that carry them.
The coloring of pepper moths indicates that they are more able to survive in environments having the same or similar colors in order to avoid the presence of predators that decrease their ability to survive and reproduce.
Therefore, we can conclude that differential reproductive success is the cause that explains why peppered moths have differential colors in industrial environments in order to avoid predators that decrease their ability to survive and reproduce in such environmental conditions.
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What type of solution is my gummy bear in ? Isotonic, hypertonic , or hypotonic ?
Prediction :
Claim :
Evidence :
Reasoning (Justification of claim):
Quantitative:
Qualitative:
Answer:
Hypertonic is your answer thanks me later✌️
–
2. The release of one phosphate group from ATP powers the reactions in the cell. Which phosphate is the one that is released from ATP?
NH₂
НО-Р-О-Р-О-Р-О-
ОН
О #4
#1
Assess It #16-Assess It
Biology Section 30VC/Quarter 1/Week of October 3/Wednesday, October 5/ Day 39
#2
ОН
# 3
# 2
N
ОН
+1
N-
N
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#4
D
When one phosphate group is removed by rupturing a phosphoanhydride bond during the process known as hydrolysis, energy is released and ATP is transformed into adenosine diphosphate.
When ATP degrades, which phosphate is released?Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a version of the nucleotide with only two phosphates, is created when the outermost phosphate of ATP is removed to give energy. By adding a phosphate group to another molecule, ATP can change another molecule to power biological processes (a process called phosphorylation).
How does ATP release energy that living cells can utilize?The ATP molecule splits off one of its three phosphates when a cell has to expend energy to complete a task, resulting in the formation of ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) + phosphate. It is now possible for the cell to use the energy that was previously bound to that phosphate molecule to carry out its operations.
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Which of the following is phosphorus not used for?A. LipidsB. ATPC. NucleotidesD. Cell membrane
The correct answer is A. Lipids. Lipids in its simplest form are composed of long carbon chains. Lipids could have a phosporous group, in that case they are phospholipids. Phospholipids are found in cell membrane.
Answer: Cell membrane.
Explanation:
Use your understanding of free hydrogen and hydroxide ions in solution to explain why distilled water (pure H2O) would have a “neutral” pH (or a pH of 7.0)
Answer:
With all of this in mind, then, it would make sense if distilled water had a neutral pH of 7. The distillation process removes nearly all of its ionic, mineral and organic impurities, making it one of the purest forms of water available.
The model illustrates the relationship between
photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration. The
reactants needed by the plant for photosynthesis are
CO₂ and H₂O in the presence of sunlight. How does the plant
acquire the H₂O needed for photosynthesis?
A. From cellular respiration
B. Absorption through the roots
C. Osmosis through all plant parts
D. Transpiration through the leaves
Answer: B Absorption through the roots
Explanation: During photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
how is carbon dioxide produced in cells removed from our body?
Answer:
In the human body, carbon dioxide is formed intracellularly as a byproduct of metabolism. CO2 is transported in the bloodstream to the lungs where it is ultimately removed from the body through exhalation.
why is electron transport chain an important step in aerobic respiration
Answer:
it creates your atp welcome
How might you model the relationship between a tomato plant and the hornworm catepillar?
The relationship between the tomato plant and hornworm caterpillar is of parasitism.
Parasitism is the mode of nutrition where an organism lives in close association with another organism. One organism is benefitted from this association and is called the parasite. And the person who gets harmed in this is called the host. The parasite may live on the outer surface of the host or even inside the body.
Hornworm caterpillar belongs to the family Sphingidae. The caterpillar has a horn-like tail and hence the name. The caterpillar specially lives on the tomato plant and feeds on its leaves. It can eat the leaves to such an extent that the plant may become completely defoliated. Hence they have a parasitic relation.
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the incidence of down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, increases with increasing maternal age. which of the following errors most likely produces this condition?
a. Nondisjunction during meiosis II in either the male and female gamete
b. Nondisjunction during either meiosis I or II in the female gamete
c. Nondisjunction during either meiosis I or II in the male gamete
d. Nondisjunction during meiosis I in either the male and female gamete
Option B. Nondisjunction during either meiosis I or II in the female gamete, most likely produces this condition.
Nondisjunction throughout both meiosis I and II can produce a gamete a good way to result in a trisomic zygote. hazard elements for maternal nondisjunction of chromosome 21 are increased maternal age and altered recombination. Since the occurrence of Down syndrome will increase with maternal age, it's far possible that this error takes place in the female gamete.
The end result of a nondisjunction of chromosome 21 in a zygote that has forty-six, XY might be cells with 47 chromosomes. It happens due to an additional chromosome (chromosome 21) that originated in either the egg or the sperm. Throughout fertilization, 3 instead of two are present. A human born with Down syndrome inherits all or a part of a further replica of Chromosome 21. S
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Will Give Brainiest to the first to answer.
Explain what caused the dark-colored peppered moths to become more numerous than the light-colored peppered moths when their environment became covered in soot.
Answer:
because they were harder to see for predetors
Explanation:
the soot made the dark moths camouflage better, so they were hidden while whites were not so the whites got eaten with out reproducing while the blacks reproduced and birthed more blacks no I'm not racist lol ez to type w blacks ND whites tho
power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power.
Power held due to the position of authority is called Legitimate power. A person's formal authority within an organization is referred to as legitimate power.
Legitimate power is a type of positional power because it stems from a position or work designation. Being in a position of power in an organization, such as being the boss or a prominent member of a leadership team, confers legitimate influence. When employees in the organization respect the individual's authority, they gain this power. There are various sorts of formal power, such as: Position power and legal power - This is the command authority based on position. Reward power is the ability to provide positive consequences to another person. Punishment or coercive power is the threat of using force to obtain obedience.
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Peer review allows others in the field to assess a scientist's investigations and results.
True or false
Answer:
it's True
Explanation:
energy that is not connected to useful energy is usually given off as
Answer:::::::::::::: heat
Answer:
The energy not converted to sound energy (ability to do work) is usually given off as heat.
Explanation:
The LED light source does not get hot. Explain why it is important that the pondweed remains at a constant
temperature?
The LED light source does not get hot because
Temperature affects rate of photosynthesis or rate of bubble production.Reaction or photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes.What is the LED explain?LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. LED lights produce light up to 90% more efficiently than incandescent bulbs. An electric current is passed through the microchip, which illuminates small light sources that we call LEDs, resulting in visible light. Compared to conventional light sources, which first convert electrical energy into heat and then into light, LEDs (light-emitting diodes) convert electrical energy directly into light, producing efficient light with little wasted electricity.
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The concentration of solutions is measured in a unit called moles (M). Now that you know this, use the picture to answer questions #1 - #5. The picture shows a red blood cell floating in a solution in a beaker. The picture also shows the concentrations of salt inside the red blood cell and the concentration of salt in the beaker.
Red blood cells (RBCs) would have a larger solute content outside of them than inside of them if they were detected in a concentrated salt solution.
Osmosis would cause the water to leak out of the cell, causing it to shrivel and stop functioning.
What occurs to red blood cells when they are exposed to a hypertonic solution?A red blood cell will swell up in a hypotonic solution and maybe rupture, but in a hypertonic solution it would shrink, making the cytoplasm thick and its contents concentrated, and may even perish.
Active transport involves the movement of chemicals from a low-concentration location to a high-concentration area in opposition to the concentration gradient. Being "active" means that this process uses energy (usually in the form of ATP).
Due to the diffusion mechanism, which asserts that water flows from a high concentration of water (RBC) to a low concentration of water when a cell is immersed in a concentrated solution (saline water).
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Which is a benefit that we get from
biodiversity?
A. over-hunted animals
B. production of oxygen by plants
C. deforestation of rainforests
D. air pollution
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Because it helps with good health and food nutition